不同年代棉花品种产量构成、纤维品质及其系谱分析

对５０年来我国自育的有代表性的棉花品种２０份进行了比较研究，结果表明，棉花单产呈递增趋势，９０年代棉花品种比５０年代品种皮棉增产１７．７３％，平均每年增产皮棉３．３８４ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２，产量增加主要是衣分和单株结铃数增加所致，衣分呈递增趋势，年均递增０．１００２个百分点；单株结铃数增加１．６个。新品种的子指变小，衣指变大；棉花衣分与皮棉产量呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．７００３＊＊），衣分对棉花产量贡献最大（ Ｐ３ｙ＝０．５８１０），单株铃数次之（Ｐ１ｙ＝０．２８５８），铃重最低（Ｐ２ｙ＝０．１３２６）。棉花纤维品质逐步得到改良，绒长变长，纤维强度变大；棉花遗传基础狭窄。

Studies on Yield Components, Fiber Qualities and Pedigree Analysis of Varieties Released in Different Years

The experiment were conducted from 1996 - 1997 to study the comparison of 20 varieties (lines) released between 1950 and 1995 in the field in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province. Cotton lint yield and lint percent showed increasing trends with 3. 384kg. ha-1. year-1and 0. 1002% per year, respectively. The lint yield of varieties released in 1990s increased by 17. 73 %, 13. 3 %, 10. 75 %, 7. 13 % compared with1950s, 60s, 70s, 80s, respectively. The yield increase was caused by lint percent and boil numbers/plant increased. The lint yield was correlated with lint percent significantly (r = 0. 7003 ** ), lint percent is the greatest contribution to lint yield (path coefficient: P3y= 0. 5810; bolls/plant: P1y= 0. 2858; boll weight: P2y = 0.1326), cotton fiber qualities were improved, fiber length and strength increased, fiber strength is weak positive correlated with lint yield (r = 0. 1165), and weak positive correlated with lint percent (r= 0. 3073 ). The seed index of new varieties is smaller fiber index is bigger than the old varieties. The pedigree analysis of varieties showed that 55% was derived from Deltdpine15, 20% from Stoneville, 15 % from Uganda cotton, 10% from Foster cotton. We suggest that lint yield increase through selecting high lint percent maintaining boil weight and boil numbers/plant; strengthen fiber strength selection,broaden cotton germplasm resource with new techniques such as distant hybrid, gene engineering, radiation, etc.