烤烟种质资源与26个主栽品种农艺性状分析

目的]为烤烟杂交育种亲本选配和理想的后代株型的选择提供科学依据。方法]对506份烤烟种质资源和26个主栽烤烟品种的主要农艺性状进行比较分析。结果]主栽品种各农艺性状指标差异较小,自然株高多为130～150 cm,打顶株高90～110 cm,有效叶片数18～22片,叶片长宽比1.8～2.5,节距4～5 cm,茎围9～11 cm,茎叶角度中等(45°～60°);而一般烤烟种质资源株高、叶数、叶长宽、茎叶角度以及株型等指标变幅较大,自然株高为97～326 cm,有效叶片数多的达30余片,少的不足12片,节距为2.6～10.5 cm,茎叶角度变化较大,从30°和90°均有分布。结论]主栽品种之所以能有较高的产量和较好的品质,较强的抗病力,其植株各形态特征和各项指标的搭配比较合理,因此,在亲本和杂交后代选择中,要充分考虑适宜产量、优质、抗病的理想植株所必须的形态指标,以培育出产量较高,质量较好的烤烟品种。

Agronomic Characteristics Analysis on Flue-cured Tobacco Germplasm Resources and 26 Kinds of Main Cultivars

Objective] The aim was to provide a scientific basis for parents selection during flue-cured tobacco hybrid breeding and its offspring’s ideal plant type.Method]The main agronomic characteristics of 506 kinds of flue-cured tobacco germplasm resources and 26 kinds of main cultivars were analyzed and compared.Result]The results showed the difference among main cultivars was small in all kinds of agronomic traits,and the nature height is 130-150 cm,the topping height is 90-110 cm,the number of harvestable leaves is 18-22,the ratio of length to width of leaf is 1.8-2.5 cm,the internode distance is 4-5 cm,the longitude of stem is 9-11cm,the angle between leaf and stem is medium of 45°-60°;while there are big difference in plant height,the number of leaf,the ratio of length to width of leaf,the angle between leaf and stem and plant type among general flue-cured tobacco germplasm resources,and the nature height is 97-326 cm,the number of harvestable leaves is nonuniform,some cultivars are more than 30 while less than 12 for anothers,the internode distance is 2.6-10.5 cm,the angle between leaf and stem is a little big,there are distributions from 30° and 90°.Conclusion]Main cultivars have high yield and good quality,strong resistance to disease because of more reasonable arrangement of their plants all morphological characteristics and all kinds of indices,so in the choice of parents and breeding lines,it is necessary to full consider the suitable morphological characteristics to obtain the ideal plant type with high yield,good quality and resistance to disease,and to breed high yield and good quality flue-cured tobacco cultivar.