口蹄疫灭活疫苗抗原稳定性研究进展

口蹄疫是一种感染牛、羊和猪等偶蹄动物、具有高度传染性的动物疫病。疫苗免疫是控制该病的关键措施之一,口蹄疫灭活疫苗在口蹄疫流行地区广泛使用。灭活疫苗中,完整口蹄疫病毒粒子(146S粒子)是至关重要的免疫抗原,它的数量和稳定性决定了疫苗的免疫效果。不同血清型,甚至同型不同毒株的口蹄疫病毒粒子稳定性不同,146S粒子在一定温度、酸、碱条件下容易分解为五聚体(12S粒子),导致疫苗免疫效力大幅下降。近年来口蹄疫病毒结构及其稳定性的分子基础研究取得了一定进展,为研究口蹄疫病毒稳定性提高疫苗质量,开发新型口蹄疫空衣壳疫苗提供了重要的理论基础。本文简要介绍了口蹄疫病毒结构基础、稳定性研究方法和研究进展。为同行了解口蹄疫病毒结构与免疫的关系,评价新型疫苗提供一些参考信息。

The Advance in the Antigen Stability of FMD Inactivated Vaccine

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly infectious disease of cloven-hoofed livestock such as cattle, sheep and pigs. Vaccination, mostly use inactivated vaccines, is one of the critical preventive methods for controlling FMD in epidemic zones. The intact virus particle (146S particle) is essential for FMD vaccine immunogenicity. The quantity and stability of virus particle is key factors to vaccine immunogenicity. There are significant differences in stability for 7 serotypes of FMD virus even different strains of the same serotype. The potency of vaccine will greatly reduce when it is treated with heat, acid or alkali because 146S particle is easy to dissociate into pentamers (12S particle). A lot of achievements have been obtained on FMD virus about virus structure and stability. These achievements provide important theoretical evidences for improvement of inactivated vaccine and the development of virus empty capsid vaccine. This article review some research methods and progress in the structure and stability of FMDV and provide some reference information for colleagues to understanding the relationship between immune and the structure of FMDV as well as evaluating the new type vaccines.