半湿润偏旱区沟垄覆盖种植对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响

为探索半湿润偏旱区沟垄集雨种植模式下冬小麦田土壤蓄水保墒和节水增产效果, 于2007-2010年连续3个小麦生长季在渭北旱塬旱农试验站, 研究了不同沟垄集雨种植模式对土壤水分、冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响。设置3个沟垄集雨处理, 分别是垄上覆盖地膜+沟内不覆盖(P1)、沟内覆盖小麦秸秆(P2)、沟内覆盖液体地膜(P3)处理, 以传统平作(CK)为对照。P1、P2和P3处理显著提高冬小麦生育前期0~20 cm和20~100 cm的土壤贮水量, 其中以P2处理蓄水保墒效果最显著, P3处理由于液态地膜的降解, 仅在小麦生长前期有一定的蓄水保墒作用, 在小麦的生长后期与P1处理无显著差异；各沟垄集雨处理100~200 cm土壤贮水量与CK无差异。P2处理对冬小麦平均株高和生物量影响最大, 3年平均株高和生物量分别较对照提高26.7%和60.3%。以P2处理增产效果最显著, 3年平均产量和水分利用效率分别较CK对照提高39.3%和35.6%；且P1和P3之间无显著差异。因此, 垄覆地膜、沟覆秸秆的二元沟垄集雨覆盖种植模式能显著提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率, 适宜在半湿润偏旱区冬小麦生产中应用。

Effects of Ridging with Mulching on Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat in Semihumid Drought-Prone Region in China

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of the ridge and mulch on soil moisture, grain yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) in rainfall winter wheat growing region in Weibei Area. In a three-year field experiment from Sept. 2007 to June 2010, we compared three ridge (for collecting rainfall) and mulch treatments with traditional plat planting as the control (CK). The ridge was covered with common plastic film, and the dent was bare (P1) or covered with either wheat straw (P2) or degradable film (P3). At the early growth stage of winter wheat, soil water storages in 0–20 cm and 20–100 cm layers were significantly higher in all ridge and mulch treatments than in CK, particularly in P2. At late growth stage, the effect of P3 was similar to that of P1 with no significant difference due to the degradation of the film in dent. However, compared to CK, treatments P1, P2, and P3 had no effect on soil water storage in 100–200 cm layer. Plant height and biomass of wheat were the largest in P2, which were 26.68% and 60.28% higher than that of CK, respectively. Moreover, P2 was also the best treatment for grain yield and WUE with 39.29% increased yield and 35.57% increased WUE over CK. Yield and WUE were similar between P3 and P1 with no significant difference. Therefore, P2 is recommended as an efficient planting pattern in semi-humid drought-prone wheat region.