水生生物Nrf2-Keap1/Are信号通路的研究进展

氧化应激（oxidative stress）是指由于外界环境的刺激使机体内活性氧（ROS）增加，导致氧化/抗氧化动态平衡遭到破坏的一种应激反应。在正常情况下，动物机体内参与活性氧产生和清除的系统处于动态平衡。由于外界环境刺激或机体自身变化等原因，使ROS产生增多或其清除能力下降时，机体就会出现氧化应激（氧化胁迫）。长期或过强的氧化应激会引起水生生物生长发育缓慢、免疫机能下降、疾病发生等危害，导致水产品质量下降、营养价值降低，给水产养殖业造成严重经济损失。Nrf2-Keap1/Are信号通路在抵抗外源性或内源性氧化应激的过程中起着至关重要的作用，该信号通路在哺乳动物中得到了广泛研究，但在水生生物中的研究尚未见系统综述。作者在综合了大量文献的基础上，针对鱼类及虾蟹类等水生生物，介绍了氧化应激产生的机理、Nrf2和Keap1的分子基础、Nrf2-Keap1/Are信号通路作用方式，以及该信号通路在水生生物方面的相关研究进展等，为水生生物抗氧化应激机制的深入研究提供理论参数和相关数据支持。

Advances in the Nrf2-Keap1/Are Signaling Pathway in Aquatic Organism

Oxidative stress refers to a kind of stress response in which the oxidation/antioxidation dynamic balance is destroyed due to the increase of active oxygen(ROS)in the body from the stimulation of the external environment.Under normal conditions,the system involved in the production and removal of ROS in the animal body is in a state of dynamic equilibrium.Oxidative stress occurs when ROS production increases or its scavenging capacity decreases due to external environmental stimulation or changes in the body itself.Long-term or excessively strong oxidative stress will result in slowing growth,reducing immune function,occurrence of diseases of aquatic organisms and other hazards,as well as the decline of aquatic product quality and nutritional value.Then,it brings serious economic loss to the aquaculture industy.The Nrf2-Keap1/Are signaling pathway plays a crucial role in resisting exogenous or endogenous oxidative stress.This signaling pathway has been extensively studied in mammals,but hasn’t yet seen a systematic review in aquatic organisms.Based on a large number of literatures,from aspects of the mechanism of oxidative stress,the molecular basis of Nrf2 and Keap1,the Nrf2-Keap1/Are signaling pathway,the related research progress of this signaling pathway in aquatic organisms was introduced in this paper,such as fish,shrimp and crab,etc.This paper will provide theoretical parameters and relevant data for the mechanism research of an-oxidative stress in aquatic organisms.