中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网与病原体的相互作用及其机制

中性粒细胞作为机体天然免疫系统的重要组成部分,发挥至关重要的防御病原体感染的作用。中性粒细胞发挥防御作用的机制之一是通过释放中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（neutrophil extracellular traps,NETs）捕获并消灭病原体。然而有些病原体已进化出逃避NETs的机制,从而对机体造成持续损伤。此外,NETs的异常状态也会对机体造成一些损伤。近年来,NETs已成为中性粒细胞功能研究的热点,受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。有学者在禽的异嗜性粒细胞中也发现了类似NETs功能的网状结构,并将其命名为异嗜性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（heterophil extracellular traps,HETs）。作者主要对NETs抵御病原体入侵和病原体逃避NETs的机制并引起宿主致病等过程进行综述。

Interaction Between Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Pathogens and Its Underlying Mechanism

As an important component of innate immune system,neutrophils play a critical role in defense against infection with pathogens.One of the mechanisms by which neutrophils play a defensive role is to capture and destroy pathogens by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).However,some pathogens have evolved the escaping mechanisms,and cause a persistent damage in organism.In addition,abnormal NETs can also lead to an organism damage.Recently,NETs has become a focus of research in neutrophil function,and has been widely studied worldwide.Some researchers have found that the reticular structure released from avian heterophiles is similar to that of mammalian NETs,and named it heterophil extracellular traps(HETs).In this review,the authors summarized the mechanisms by which NETs resist pathogen invasion and pathogens escape from NETs,and the pathogenesis caused by interaction between NETs and pathogens.