北京油鸡快慢羽公鸡鉴定及羽毛发育、生长和繁殖性能的对比分析

试验通过开展快慢羽群体的鉴定，并对比其在羽毛发育、生长和繁殖性能方面的差异，旨在为北京油鸡种鸡选育和科学养殖提供数据支持。选用北京油鸡纯系公鸡，出雏时，按照主翼羽与覆主翼羽的羽长差值将其分为快慢羽亚群，其中快羽包括K1（主翼羽长于覆主翼羽>5 mm）和K2（主翼羽长于覆主翼羽2~5 mm），慢羽包括M1（主翼羽与覆主翼羽等长或主翼羽长于覆主翼羽<2 mm）和M2（主翼羽短于覆主翼羽）和M3（主翼羽未长出）。1~7日龄每隔1 d测量1次主翼羽与覆主翼羽羽长，7~42日龄每隔1周测量1次；1~8周龄每周测量体重，9~18周龄每隔1周测定体重；10周龄时，观测公鸡全身羽毛发育情况；47周龄时，测定公鸡常规精液品质性状、精子动力学参数、受精率及孵化率。结果显示，快羽公鸡占北京油鸡公鸡总数的11.60%，慢羽占88.40%，慢羽又以M2型为主，有少量M1型和M3型。育雏育成期（1~18周）北京油鸡快慢羽公鸡各周龄体重均无显著差异（P>0.05）。在育雏育成期，慢羽公鸡主翼羽和覆主翼羽生长均慢于快羽公鸡。其10周龄时，背部和腿部羽毛生长完全的鸡的比例仅为44%，且不同类型的慢羽公鸡的比例也不一，其中等长型或微长型慢羽最高，超过90%，未长出型慢羽最低，仅为17%左右。47周龄时快羽鸡和慢羽鸡的常规精液品质无差异，但是快羽公鸡精子直线性显著高于慢羽鸡（P<0.05），直线速率高于慢羽公鸡（P=0.06），快羽北京油鸡公鸡受精率显著高于慢羽公鸡（P<0.05），且入孵蛋孵化率和受精蛋孵化率有高于慢羽公鸡的趋势，但差异不显著（P>0.05）。本研究结果表明，快慢羽北京油鸡公鸡的羽毛生长和繁殖性能有一定差异，需要加强慢羽公鸡羽毛发育缓慢原因和鉴定方法的研究，也需加强慢羽公鸡精液品质选育。

Identification and Comparison Analysis of Feather Development,Growth Performance and Reproductive Performance of Early and Late Feathering Beijing-You Roosters

In order to provide basic data for breeding and fine housing of Beijing-You chickens, the pure line of Beijing-You chicken was used here to compare the feather development, growth and reproductive performance of early and late feathering roosters.According to the relative length characteristics of the primary feathers and the coverts, the newborn male chicks were identified and divided into early and late feathering subgroups.For which, the early feathering included K1 (primary feather is at least 5 mm longer than the covert feather) and K2 (primary feather is 2-5 mm longer than the covert feather);the late feathering included M1 (the primary feather length is equal to or slightly longer than (<2 mm) the covert feather), M2 (the primary feather is shorter than the covert feather) and M3 (the primary feather is not growing out).Before 7 days of age, the length of primary feathers and coverts were measured every other day, and every other week from 7 to 42 days.Body weight was measured every week from 1 to 8 weeks, and every other week from 9 to 18 weeks.The overall plumage condition was observed at 10 weeks of age.Determination of general semen quality, sperm kinetic parameters, and fertilization and hatching traits of early and late feathering roosters was performed at 47 weeks of age.The results showed that the early and late feathering accounted for 11.60% and 88.40% of Beijing-You male chickens, respectively.The majority of late feathering hens were M2 type, and there were a few M1 and M3 type.There was no difference in body weight between late and early feathering male Beijing-You chickens during the brooding age (1-18 week)(P>0.05).Besides the fact the primary feathers and the coverts of late feathering chickens grew slowly than the early ones, only 44% of the late feathering chicks showed intact plumage of back and the thigh area, and this percentage was the highest (over 90%) in the equal-length type late feathering chickens, and low (17%) in the no-primary feathers type.The early and late feathering roosters did not show difference in general semen quality traits, while the sperm linearity was higher (P<0.05)and the straight-line velocity was inclined to be higher (P=0.06) in late feathering.The fertility of early feathering male Beijing-You chickens was higher than the late feathering ones (P<0.05).Although not significant, the hatchability of setting eggs and hatchability of fertilized eggs was apt to higher than the late feathering ones (P>0.05).The results of the present study showed that feather development and reproductive performance of Beijing-You chickens could be affected by feathering phenotype.It is necessary to further study the cause of the late feather development and identification method.Furthermore, the selection breeding for semen quality traits should be enhanced in the late feathering roosters of Beijing-You chickens.