羊口疮病毒与宿主互作研究进展

羊口疮是一种人兽共患传染病，主要由羊口疮病毒（Orf virus，OrfV）感染所致，目前尚无特效药物可治疗。囊膜蛋白是OrfV的主要抗原性蛋白，其机理主要是为病毒侵入宿主细胞创造一系列条件，同时降低宿主免疫力，增强了病毒的毒力。当病毒侵入宿主体内后，宿主会产生抗病毒免疫应答来清除病毒粒子，包括特异性体液免疫和非特异性细胞免疫应答，但主要以非特异性的细胞免疫应答为主。宿主对病毒会产生抗病毒免疫应答，同时病毒也会对宿主的免疫应答形成一种免疫逃避机制，通过该机制来躲避宿主免疫细胞对病毒粒子的捕获和清除，为病毒粒子在宿主体内的增殖、成熟及增强病毒毒力创造了各种条件。作者归纳总结了近年来羊口疮病毒与宿主互作的研究，阐述了OrfV囊膜蛋白的生物学功能、宿主的抗病毒免疫应答、病毒在宿主体内的免疫逃避机制和OrfV的其他一些毒力因子的致病作用，以期为羊口疮病毒的致病机制及疫苗防制研究提供参考。

Research Progress on the Interaction Between Orf Virus and Host

Orf is a zoonotic infectious disease,which is mainly caused by Orf virus (OrfV) infection.There is currently no specific medicine to treat it.Envelope protein is the main antigenic protein of OrfV.Its mechanism is mainly to create a series of conditions for the virus to invade host cells,while reducing the host's immunity and enhancing the virulence of the virus.When the virus invades the host,the host will produce an antiviral immune response to eliminate virus particles,including specific humoral immunity and non-specific cellular immune response,but mainly non-specific cellular immune response.The host will produce an antiviral immune response to the virus,and the virus will also form an immune evasion mechanism against the host's immune response.This mechanism is used to avoid the capture and removal of virus particles by the host immune cells,which is the proliferation of virus particles in the host,maturity and enhancement of virus virulence have created various conditions.This article summarized the research status of the interaction between OrfV and the host in recent years,expounded the biological function of the envelope protein of OrfV,the antiviral immune response of the host,the immune evasion mechanism of the virus in the host,and the mechanism of OrfV about the pathogenic effects of some other virulence factors,in order to provide a theoretical reference for the study of the pathogenic mechanism of the ovine aphtha virus and vaccine control.