黄粉虫的营养特性及其在畜禽饲粮中的应用效果

蛋白质是动物饲粮的第二大成分，然而中国饲料蛋白质原料资源日益短缺，严重制约了畜牧业的健康可持续发展。黄粉虫（Tenebrio molitor L.）食性广、繁殖快、产出高，属于可再生的生物资源，其干物质中粗蛋白质、甲壳素、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素等含量较丰富，能够提取具有抗菌、抑炎、免疫调节等功能的生物活性物质，如抗菌肽、凝集素，且具有生长快、易规模饲养、占用土地少等优点，有望成为一种新型蛋白质饲料资源，进而缓解当前饲料蛋白质原料不足的现状。有研究表明，黄粉虫可以部分替代饲粮中的常规蛋白质饲料原料，提高畜禽生长或生产性能，改善产品品质，以及提高畜禽机体健康水平。作者阐述了黄粉虫的营养成分、畜禽对黄粉虫营养物质的消化率，在参考国内外最新研究成果的基础上综述了黄粉虫部分替代常规蛋白质饲料原料，改善畜禽生长或生产性能，提高肉禽屠宰性能，改善家禽产品品质，调节畜禽机体物质代谢，增强机体免疫和抗氧化功能以及改善肠道健康的作用，并对其在畜禽生产中的应用前景进行展望，以期为推广黄粉虫在畜牧业中的应用提供参考。

Nutritional Characteristic of Tenebrio molitor and Its Application in Livestock and Poultry Diets

Proteins represent the second largest component of animal diet.However,the shortage of feed protein ingredients in China has restricted the healthy and sustainable development of animal husbandry severely.As a kind of euryphagous insect,Tenebrio molitor has strong reproductive ability and high output,and also has high contents of crude protein,chitin,unsaturated fatty acids,and vitamins.It can be extracted some biological active substances with the functions of antibacterial,anti-inflammatory and immune regulation.Moreover,it also has many other advantages,such as short growth cycle,easy to raise in commercial and less requirement of land.Therefore,it has the potential to become a new feed protein resource,thus alleviating the current shortage of feed protein raw materials.It is reported that Tenebrio molitor can partially replace conventional protein feed in animal diets,increase growth or production performance of animals,improve the product quality,and improve the body health status.In this review,the author elaborated the nutritional ingredients of Tenebrio molitor and nutrient digestibility of livestock and poultry to Tenebrio molitor,and summarized the functions of Tenebrio molitor for partial replacement of conventional feed protein materials on the basis of literature review:Increasing the growth or production performance of livestock and poultry,improving the slaughter performance and products quality of poultry,regulating the material metabolism,enhancing the antioxidant and immune abilities,and promoting the intestinal health of livestock and poultry.The auther also prospected for the Tenebrio molitor application in animal production,in order to provide a theoretical basis for it using in animal production.