餐厨废弃物营养价值及饲料安全性研究进展

随着人们生活质量的提高，餐饮行业发展迅速，产生大量餐厨废弃物（food waste，FW），严重影响粮食安全并对环境造成污染。目前，FW的资源化利用受到广泛关注，饲料化技术可实现资源价值再生，符合环境可持续性发展的要求，具有经济可行性。FW营养丰富，含有：14.93%~94.20%干物质（DM）、13.53%~42.90%粗蛋白质（CP）、3.89%~31.57%粗脂肪（EE）、0.24%~16.50%灰分（Ash）、2.07%~30.70%粗纤维（CF）、6.72%~38.90%中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、5.29%~25.20%酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）。FW安全性包括物理安全性、生物安全性及化学安全性。FW物理安全性在收集和预处理过程中可以得到保证。FW生物安全性问题主要集中在未经处理的FW容易滋生细菌，如沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌，以及未煮熟的FW饲喂动物可引起口蹄疫、猪瘟及传染性海绵状脑病等疾病的发生。FW化学安全性主要是要求其毒素、农药、重金属等含量要符合卫生标准，同时要注意其中抗营养因子、亚硝酸盐、洗涤剂等的影响。总体上，FW营养价值较高，能在一定程度上满足动物生长的需求，但其生物安全性问题限制了其饲料化应用与发展。

Research Progress on Nutritional Value and Feed Safety of Food Waste

With the improvement of people's quality of life, the catering industry is developing rapidly, and a large amount of food waste (FW) is generated, which seriously affects food safety and causes environmental pollution.At present, the resource utilization of food waste has received widespread attention, among which feed processing technology can realize the regeneration of resource value, meet the requirements of environmental sustainable development, and has economic feasibility.Food waste is rich in nutrients, containing 14.93% to 94.20% dry matter (DM), 13.53% to 42.90% crude protein (CP), 3.89% to 31.57% ether extract (EE), 0.24% to 16.50% ash (Ash), 2.07% to 30.70% crude fiber (CF), 6.72% to 38.90% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and 5.29% to 25.20% acid detergent fiber (ADF).The safety of food waste includes physical safety, biosafety and chemical safety.The physical safety of food waste can be guaranteed during the collection and pretreatment process.The biosafety of food waste is mainly that untreated food waste is easy to breed bacteria, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and feeding animals with uncooked food waste can cause aftosa, swine fever, and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.The chemical safety of food waste is that toxins, pesticides, and heavy metals should meet the standards, and the influence of anti-nutritional factors, nitrites, and detergents should be paid attention to.On the whole, food waste has high nutritional value, which can meet the needs of animal growth to a certain extent.However, the biosafety limits the application and development of food waste as feed.