农田氮、磷向水体迁移原因及对策

农田氮、磷向水体迁移,不仅造成化肥的利用率低,农业生产成本上升,还对水环境造成污染,引起水体富营养化。综合评述了农田氮、磷向水体迁移的原因及其控制方面的国内外研究进展。氮、磷肥的过量施用和施用比例不合理是导致农田氮、磷向水体迁移的主要原因;氮、磷向水体迁移量受土壤质地、施肥种类、降雨条件等因素影响;相应措施如优化土地利用、合理施肥和处理农田径流等均可有效地降低农田氮、磷向水体迁移风险。在当前的非点源污染治理中,应采取有力措施控制农田养分流失。

The reason and solution of nitrogen and phosphorus release to water from farmland

The nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) release to water from farmland is not only lead to the declining of the utilization rate of fertilizer,but also result in the raising of agriculture production cost,and it also lead to the pollution and eutrophication of freshwater bodies.This paper provided a brief review of the literature available,including the reason and effect factors of the N and P release to water by surface runoff,and gives some solution in control the N and P losses.Excessive applying fertilizer and unbalance of N and P fertilize ratio are the main reason leading the N,P release to water,which affected by soil texture,fertilizer type and rainfall condition.Some methods like optimize land use,equilibrium fertilization and dispose surface runoff could low the risk of N,P loss effectively.We should take attention in strict control of nutrient loss from farmland when controlling non-point pollution.