林分空间利用率量化方法的研究

综述林分空间结构和林分空间利用相关理论研究，分析了两者的关系，揭示林分空间利用含义，解析现有空间结构和空间利用参数特点，提出了林分空间利用率表征指标及计算公式。以样方法林木出现频度量化水平空间利用率，在划分主林层、演替层、更新层的基础上，以各层林分树高分布量化垂直空间利用率。结果表明：林分空间是林分在三维度上，被林木包围中所形成的空间大小，其中水平空间由林木株数、分布格局、位置关系生成，垂直空间由林分树高分布、垂直层次范围、各层林木株数生成。林分空间利用率是林分空间被林木填充的程度，以林木所占林分空间的百分比表示，其理论基础是森林群落和种群生态学原理。林分发育过程中林分空间大小和利用率不断变化，林分空间结构的改变使空间利用率发生变化，两者有密切关系，但现有林分空间结构和空间利用指标难以量化林分空间利用。本研究提出的林分空间利用率量化方法在水平层面考虑了林木株数和分布格局，垂直层面考虑了垂直层次和林木株数，是综合性的量化方法，为优化林分结构提供技术参考。林分空间利用率可作为空间结构评价指标，适合量化不同起源森林空间利用，量化结果为森林结构优化、营林措施决策以及结构优化效果评价提供依据，具有理论和实践意义。

Research on Quantitative Method of Stand Space Utilization Ratio

This paper reviews the theoretical research on stand spatial structure and stand spatial utilization, analyzes the relationship between them, reveals the meaning of stand spatial utilization, analyzes the characteristics of parameters of existing spatial structure and spatial utilization, and put forward the representation index and calculation formula of stand spatial utilization rate. The horizontal space utilization rate is quantified by the sampling method, and the vertical space utilization rate is quantified by the height distribution of each layer of forest on the basis of dividing the main forest layer, succession layer and renewal layer. The findings indicated that the stand space is the space formed by the stand surrounded by trees in 3 dimensions. Among them, the horizontal space is generated by the number of trees, distribution pattern and location relationship, and the vertical space is generated by the distribution of stand height, the range of vertical levels and the number of trees in each layer. The utilization rate of stand space is the degree to which the stand space is filled by trees, which is expressed as the percentage of the stand space occupied by trees. Its theoretical basis is the principle of forest community and population ecology. In the process of stand development, the space size and utilization rate of stand are constantly changing, and the change of stand space structure makes the space utilization rate change. There is a close relationship between them, but the existing stand space structure and space utilization indicators are difficult to quantify the space utilization of stand. The quantitative method of stand spatial utilization rate proposed in this study considers the number and distribution pattern of trees at the horizontal level as well as vertical layers and the number of trees at the vertical level. It is a comprehensive quantitative method and provides a technical reference for optimizing the stand structure. The stand spatial utilization ratio can be used as an evaluation index of spatial structure, which is suitable for quantifying the spatial utilization of forests of different origins. The quantitative results provide a basis for forest structure optimization, decision-making of forest management measures and evaluation of the effect of structure optimization, and have theoretical and practical significance.