不同浸提处理对竹粉防霉性能的影响及机理分析

以经过冷水、10 g/L HCl、10 g/L NaOH、120 U/mL淀粉酶溶液、V(甲苯)∶V(乙醇)=2∶1和120 °C水热浸提分别处理后的巨龙竹粉为实验对象，通过观察竹粉上3种常见霉菌绿色木霉、桔青霉和黑曲霉的生长情况，并对竹粉化学成分含量、官能团及微观形貌进行测试，探究竹材主要化学成分纤维素、半纤维素、木质素与霉变之间的关系，进一步排查竹材中关键的致霉组分。结果表明：经10 g/L NaOH处理过的竹粉防霉效果最佳，综合抑菌率可达50%；碱处理后除可溶性营养物质溶出，半纤维素和木质素的部分降解减少了霉菌可转化利用的营养物质，提高了竹纤维细胞的致密度，降低了竹材的吸水性，有效增强了竹粉的防霉性能；10 g/L NaOH在提高竹材防霉性能的同时还能增强竹材的力学性能。

Effects of Different Extraction Treatments on Mildew Resistance of Bamboo Powder and Mechanism Analysis

In this study, bamboo powder treated with cold water, 10 g/L HCl, 10 g/L NaOH, 120 U/mL amylase solution, V(toluene)∶V(ethanol) = 2∶1 and 120 ℃ hydrothermal extraction, respectively, was used as the experimental objects. The relationship between the main chemical components of bamboo(cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) and mold was investigated by observing the growth of 3 common molds on bamboo powder, namely, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium citrinum, and Aspergillus niger, and testing the chemical content, functional groups and microscopic morphology of bamboo powder to further investigate the key mold-causing components in bamboo. The results showed that bamboo powder treated with 10 g/L NaOH had the best effect on mildew prevention, and the comprehensive bacteriostatic rate could reach 50%. After alkali treatment, in addition to the dissolution of soluble nutrients, hemicellulose and lignin were partially degraded, which reduced the nutrients that could be converted and utilized by mold, enhanced the density of bamboo fiber cells, reduced the water absorption of bamboo, and effectively improved the mildew resistance of bamboo powder. 10 g/L NaOH could not only improve the anti-mildew property of bamboo, but also enhance the mechanical properties of bamboo.