基于空间异质性度量的生物多样性评估

以滇中向滇东南过渡的弥勒市为例，结合森林资源调查资料、遥感数据等，借助遥感反演与GIS空间分析，进行景观、生境及干扰异质性测度、模拟和分析，以林班为单元，利用主成分分析及聚类方法进行了生物多样性空间格局评估。结果表明：综合景观、水热及地理环境、人为干扰共同表征的空间异质性可间接指示生物多样性富集程度。研究区生物多样性呈现明显的空间异质性格局，丰富程度较高、高的区域主要集中在西部、东部、东南部人为活动相对较少、群落结构相对复杂、自然度相对较高的天然林区，并伴有部分高、较高富集区的零散分布的格局。本研究基于空间异质性与生物多样性的关系，提出一种快速科学评估区域生物多样性丰富程度的相对度量方法，对于生物多样性保护规划、生态产品评估及价值化实现具有一定的参考价值。

The Assessment of Biodiversity Based on Spatial Heterogeneity Measurement

To take Mile City in the transition from central Yunnan to southeast Yunnan as an example. Combine the forest resource survey data and remote sensing data, and remote-sensing inversion methods and GIS spatial analysis are used to measure, simulate and analyze the heterogeneity of landscapes, habitats, and human disturbances. Regard compartment as a unit, the spatial pattern of biodiversity was assessed using principal component analysis and clustering methods. Results show that the spatial heterogeneity, which is characterized by the integrated landscape, water and heat, geographic environment, and human disturbance, can indirectly indicate the degree of biodiversity enrichment. The biodiversity of the study area presents an obvious spatial heterogeneity pattern. Regions with high abundance and extremely high levels are mainly concentrated in natural forest areas in the west, east, and southeast where human activities are relatively small, the community structure is counter complex, and the naturalness is relatively high. Besides, the areas are also accompanied by the scattered distribution pattern of some extremely high and high enrichment areas. The study puts forward a relative measurement method for rapid and scientific assessment of the abundance of regional biodiversity based on the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and biodiversity, which has certain reference significance for biodiversity conservation planning, ecological product evaluation and realization of value.