江西省不同地区松墨天牛的物候学特征和种群动态

目的 通过分析松墨天牛在江西南北不同地区的季节性物候特征和种群动态规律,为提高当地松墨天牛的种群监测预报水平和制定精准防控策略提供基础数据与科学依据。 方法 在江西境内沿约1°的纬度梯度自南向北分别设立全南、南康、万安、南城、湾里和浮梁等6处的马尾松纯林作为监测点,通过悬挂诱捕器的方式进行林间种群监测,统计松墨天牛在各地的成虫的始见期、终见期和活动高峰期等物候学特征以及种群密度和雌雄性比等指标。 结果 松墨天牛在江西的始见期在3月下旬—5月上旬之间且自南向北明显延迟,终见期在10月上旬—12月上旬之间且自南向北明显提前,成虫发生期持续5~9个月且自南向北呈明显缩短趋势。成虫的活动高峰期出现时间自南向北逐渐延后且峰值由2个过渡到1个。种群密度以赣中地区最大,偏南或偏北地区的种群数量均明显下降。松墨天牛在江西各地的成虫偏雌性,性比在1∶0.74至1∶0.87之间且不存在地区间的差异。松墨天牛全年诱捕量和该地马尾松死亡率之间存在明显的正相关关系。 结论 地理纬度和当地气候条件明显影响松墨天牛的季节性物候发生期和成虫活动高峰期,种群密度与其寄主的死亡率呈明显的正相关。

Seasonal Phenology and Population Dynamics of Japanese Pine Sawyer Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Different Regions of Jiangxi Province

Objective The seasonal phenological characteristics and population dynamics of Japanese pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), in different regions of Jiangxi province were analyzed to provide the basic data and scientific basis for improving the local population monitoring level and formulating accurate control strategies of this beetle. Method The initial and terminal occurrence periods, activity peak period and the sex ratio of adult M. alternatus were monitored through setting up monitoring plots and installing the attractant traps in pure stands of Masson pine forest in Quannan, Nankang, Wan'an, Nancheng, Wanli and Fuliang along the latitude gradient of about 1° in Jiangxi province. Results The initial occurrence periods of M. alternatus in Jiangxi were from late March to early May, and were obviously delayed from south to north regions. The final appearance periods of this beetle were from early October to early December, and were obviously shorten from south to north regions. The occurrence period of adults M. alternatus lasted for 5-9 months and decreased significantly from south to north regions. Adult activity peak period gradually postponed and the peaks transited from 2 to 1 from south to north regions. The population density of M. alternatus in central Jiangxi were larger than that in southern or northern Jiangxi. The sex ratio of this beetle was 1: 0.74-0.87, showing biased female and no difference was found in different regions of Jiangxi province. There was an obviously positive correlation between trapping amounts of this beetle and the mortality of Masson pine. Conclusion Geographical latitude and local climatic conditions significantly affect the seasonal occurrence and adult activity peak of M. alternatus, and the population density of M. alternatus is positively related with the mortality of their host plant.