37份文冠果优新种质资源表型性状遗传变异分析

目的 明确文冠果优新种质资源表型性状的变异特点和多样性,为遗传改良提供依据。 方法 2019—2020年连续2年对37份种质资源的35个表型性状进行了方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等。 结果 37份种质资源的35个表型性状的平均变异系数为25.49%,变异范围为12.80%～63.25%,各部位变异系数大小排序为枝条性状（45.51%）＞花序性状（31.01%）＞果实性状（24.67%）＞花性状（24.35%）＞种子性状（21.82%） ＞叶性状（21.45%）。平均表型分化系数为80.525%,表明种质资源间的变异是表型变异的主要来源。主成分分析结果表明,前9个主成分的累积方差贡献率达到80.333%,可以综合反映35个性状的信息。聚类分析将37份文冠果种质资源根据其特点分为2个主要类群,6个亚类群,并初步明确了各亚类群性状特征和育种价值。 结论 文冠果种质资源表型性状遗传变异丰富,其中,花序、果实和花等性状变异范围大于叶片和种子,为文冠果种质资源的遗传改良、保存和评价提供了有益的信息。

Genetic Variation Analysis of Phenotypic Traits of 37 Xanthoceras sorbifolium Elite Germplasm

Objective To analyze the phenotypic variation of X. sorbifolium, and provide useful information for genetic improvement. Method Thirty-five phenotypic traits among 37 germplasms were analyzed by variance analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis. Result Large variation and rich phenotypic diversity were found among and within germplasms of X. sorbifolium. The average coefficient of variation for 35 traits of 37 germplasm resources was 25.49%, and the variation range was12.80% to 63.25%. The variation of branch traits was the largest (45.51%) , followed by inflorescence traits (31.01%) , fruit traits (24.67%), flower traits (24.35%), seed traits (21.82%), and leaf traits (21.45%). The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 80.52%, indicating that the variation among germplasm resources was the main source of phenotypic variation. The cumulative contribution rate of the first nine main principal components reached 80.333%. The 37 germplasms were classified into two main groups and six subgroups according to their characteristics by Ward’s method and reasonable utilization of each subgroup were suggested. Conclusion The genetic variation of phenotypic traits of X. sorbifolium is abundant, among which the variation range of inflorescence, fruit and flower traits is larger than that of leaf and seed. It provides useful information for the genetic improvement, preservation, and evaluation of X. sorbifolium germplasms.