定量机械通风对华南地区哺乳猪舍环境和母猪繁殖性能的影响

为探究定量机械通风对华南地区哺乳猪舍环境和母猪繁殖性能的影响，该研究实测并比较了该地区冬季自然通风和定量机械通风2种模式对两广小花猪哺乳猪舍的环境温度、湿度、二氧化碳、氨气浓度和母猪繁殖性能、呼吸频率、直肠温度等指标的影响。结果表明，在夜晚期间，自然通风哺乳舍的二氧化碳和氨气浓度分别为（817.16±25.28）和（7.88±0.34）mg/m3，均显著高于定量机械通风哺乳舍的（645.71±9.49）和（5.59±0.14）mg/m3（P＜0.01）；自然通风哺乳舍的全天二氧化碳和氨气浓度分别为（707.34±20.42）和（6.63±0.27）mg/m3，均显著高于定量机械通风哺乳舍的（583.25±10.06）和（4.81±0.13）mg/m3（P＜0.01）。定量机械通风模式下的出生活仔猪数为（12.50±0.55）头，与自然通风模式的（11.13±0.66）头相比具有升高的趋势（P=0.08）；定量机械通风模式的仔猪平均日增质量为（146±40）g，与自然通风模式的（133±70）g相比也具有增加的趋势（P=0.09）。然而，与定量机械通风相比，自然通风模式下的母猪平均日体质量损失（P=0.06）和平均日背膘损失（P=0.08）均有降低的趋势。此外，在哺乳第21天，自然通风模式的母猪呼吸频率为（69.50±3.85）次/min，显著高于定量机械通风模式的（57.29±1.54）次/min（P＜0.05）。综上，定量机械通风模式可对冬季华南地区两广小花猪哺乳母猪舍内空气质量有明显改善，提高母猪繁殖性能。

Effects of quantitative mechanical ventilation on the environmental quality of the lactating house and reproductive performance of sows in South China

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of quantitative mechanical ventilation on the environment of the lactating house and the reproductive performance of sows in South China, the study measured and compared the effects of natural ventilation and quantitative mechanical ventilation on the environmental temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, ammonia concentration, reproductive performance, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and other indicators in lactating houses of Liangguang Xiaohua pig in winter. The results showed that under the experimental conditions, the natural ventilation mode and the quantitative mechanical ventilation mode had no significant difference in the ambient temperature and humidity of the lactating house. However, during the night time, the concentrations of carbon dioxide and ammonia in the naturally ventilated lactating house were (817.16±25.28) mg/m3 and (7.88±0.34) mg/m3, respectively, which were significantly higher (P<0.01) than the carbon dioxide ((645.71±9.49) mg/m3) and ammonia ((5.59±0.14) mg/m3) in the quantitatively mechanically ventilated lactating house. The concentrations of carbon dioxide and ammonia throughout the day in the naturally ventilated nursing house were (707.34±20.42) and (6.63±0.27) mg/m3, respectively, which were also significantly higher (P<0.01) than the carbon dioxide ((583.25±10.06) mg/m3) and ammonia ((4.81±0.13) mg/m3) in the quantitatively mechanically ventilated lactating house. Moreover, the number of litter sizes at birth under the quantitative mechanical ventilation mode was (12.50±0.55), which tended to be higher than that under the natural ventilation mode (11.13±0.66) (P=0.08). In addition, the average daily weight gain of piglets in the quantitative mechanical ventilation mode was (146±40) g, which tended to be higher than that in the natural ventilation mode (133±70) g (P=0.09). However, compared with the quantitative mechanical ventilation, the average daily body weight loss (P=0.06) and average daily backfat thickness loss (P=0.08) of sows under the natural ventilation mode tended to be reduced. On the 21st day of lactation, the respiration rate of sows in natural ventilation mode was (69.50± 3.85) times/min, which was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that in quantitative mechanical ventilation mode (57.29± 1.54)?times/min. In conclusion, under this experimental condition, compared with natural ventilation, the quantitative mechanical ventilation mode improved the air quality and physiological status in the lactating house of Liangguang Xiaohua pig, as well as the growth performance of the piglets in South China in winter.