2013年馆陶县玉米穗蚜发生的特点和原因以及综合防控措施

2013年馆陶县玉米穗蚜发生面积大、分布范围广、虫量高、为害重，为常年罕见。通过实际调查，分析了穗蚜大发生的原因；并结合历年气候条件，分析了影响穗蚜发生的主要因素。结果表明：馆陶县玉米穗蚜发生盛期一般为8月中下旬，8月温度和湿度是影响穗蚜发生程度的主要因素 ，8月湿度80％左右、温度25℃以上、降雨较少时穗蚜适宜发生并形成为害，温度28℃左右、降雨量50 mm以下、大面积种植不抗虫品种的情况下玉米穗蚜有可能严重发生。提出了玉米穗蚜防治应遵循“预防为主，综合防治”的植保方针，提出了种植抗蚜虫品种、适期早播、铲除田间杂草等农业措施，以及利用化学药剂进行灌心、远距离喷雾、热力烟雾机施药等化学防治措施。

Occurrence Characteristics,Causes and Integrated Control Measures of Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch in Guantao County in 2013

The characteristics of Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch was large occurrence area, wide distribution, high amount and great harm in Guantao County in 2013.Compared to previous years, this circumstance was rare.The reasons and the main factors affecting the occurrence of Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch were analyzed through practical investigation and combined with climatic conditions.The results showed that the peak of occurrence period was generally in mid-late of August.The main factors affecting the occurrence of Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch were temperature and humidity in August.The occurrance of Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch and formation damage could appeared in the conditions of about 80% of humidity, above 25 ℃of temperature and less rainfall.Above 28 ℃ of temperature, under 50 mm of rainfall and large plantation areas of susceptible varieties were the causes of serious occurrence of Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch.It proposed that the prevention should adhere to the plant protection policy of prevention first and comprehensive prevention and control.The preventive measures consisted of agricultural measures such as plantation of disease-resistant variety, early sowing period, eradicating weeds and chemical prevention measures such as putting pesticide on the leaf, long distance spray and application of thermal fogger.