吐鲁番地区葡萄斑叶蝉天敌资源调查及主要天敌控害作用初步研究

[目的]研究吐鲁番地区葡萄斑叶蝉的天敌种类及控害效果.[方法]葡萄园田间定点调查结合室内饲养试验,观察葡萄斑叶蝉不同天敌种类及其捕食量.[结果]纤赤螨Leptus sp,蜘蛛为吐鲁番葡萄斑叶蝉主要天敌.纤赤螨以幼螨体外寄生葡萄斑叶蝉若虫,对1-2低龄若虫有较高的寄生和致死率,但对3龄以后的高龄若虫致死率低;成螨则直接捕食若虫.球腹蛛科、圆蛛科和微蛛科蜘蛛多结网捕食,狼蛛科的丁纹豹蛛Pardosa T-insignita Boes.et Str.和蟹蛛科的种类多直接捕食.蟹蛛科、狼蛛科和球腹蛛科蜘蛛对若虫的捕食量较大,平均3-6头/d.圆蛛科和微蛛科蜘蛛捕食量低于2头/d.草蛉成虫、卵在田间常见,幼虫少见;瓢虫、食蚜蝇和蚁蛉等其它天敌种类仅零星出现.[结论]纤赤螨Leptus SP.是吐鲁番葡萄斑叶蝉的优势天敌,田间寄生率达10;-30;,对葡萄斑叶蝉有较好的自然控制作用.

Primary Study on Main Natural Enemy Resources and Control Effects of Erythroneura Apicalis Nawa in Turpan

【Objective】The object of this article was to study the natural enemy resources and control effect of Erythroneura apicalis Nawa.【Method】The species of natural enemy and control effects were researched by field investigation and indoor breeding test.【Results】Leptus sp.and spiders are main natural enemies of Erythroneura apicalis Nawa in Turpan.Leptus sp.is an ectoparisite of Erythroneura apicalis Nawa) in the stage of larval mites,the high rate of parasitic and lethality were observed to the younger nymphs in 1st-2nd instars,but low lethality for the elder nymphs after 3rd instar.Adult mites captured nymphs directly.Erigonidae,Theridiidae and Araneidae are predatory natural enemies by neting capture adults of Erythroneura apicalis Nawa,Predatory quantity of Lycosidae,Thomisidae and Theridiidae is approximately 3-6 head/d of nymphs,whereas predatory quantity of Araneidae and Erigonidae is less than 2 head/d.Adults and eggs of lacewing are often investigated in the field,but larval is rare;ladybirds,Syrphidae and Myrmeleon formicarius Linne as well as other natural enemies occurred in field sporadicly only.【Conclusions】Leptus sp.is the predominant natural enemies of Erythroneura apicalis Nawa in Turpan,and shows their better control effects,the field Parasitic rate is around 10%-30%.