基于生态足迹的土地生态安全评价研究

土地生态安全是区域生态系统健康与可持续发展的重要内容，但目前缺乏系统、有效的评价方法。采用生态足迹方法探讨了土地生态安全评价问题，提出了土地生态压力指数概念及计算方法，并以重庆市合川区为例，计算了2006—2010年这一区域的生态足迹、土地生态承载力、生态赤字与土地生态压力指数。结果表明:（1）研究区域土地生态承载力呈下降趋势，生态赤字明显，土地生态压力指数呈上升趋势；（2） 5 a间研究区域土地生态安全等级处于极不安全状态；（3）土地生态需求与生态供给矛盾日益突出。最后有针对性地提出了加强区域土地生态安全的对策。研究表明，采用生态足迹法进行区域土地生态安全评价是科学、可行的。

Appraisal of Land Ecological Security Based on Ecological Footprint

Land ecological security is an important factor for the health of ecological system and sustainable development. However, it is short of systematic and effective appraisal methods. The ecological footprint method was applied to the appraisal of land ecological security based on the concept of land ecological pressure and its calculation method. The Hechuan district of Chongqing city was taken as a case study of its ecological footprint, land ecological carrying force, ecological deficit and land ecological pressure index from the year 2006 to 2010. The results showed: (1) land ecological carrying force was decreasing and land ecological pressure index was increasing with obvious deficit for the research area; (2) the land ecological security was graded as the extremely insecure within the 5 years; (3) the contradiction between land ecological need and supply was increasingly obvious. Finally, countermeasures were given for strengthening the land ecological security of the research area. The ecological footprint method is scientific and feasible in terms of land ecological security appraisal.