苏州城市公园景观的温湿效应研究

为研究苏州城市公园内不同景观类型的温湿效应,选取苏州市区苏州公园、桐泾公园、白塘生态植物园、苏州中国花卉植物园等4个公园内乔草密林、乔灌草混合林、乔草疏林、草坪、园内广场等5种景观类型作为研究对象,公园外道路作为对照。利用手持式温湿度仪测定不同类型样地1.5 m高度的空气温湿度。研究结果表明:(1)和园外道路、园内广场相比,有植被景观类型在不同季节均具有降温增湿效果;(2)不同景观类型中,乔草密林的降温增湿效果最好;(3)在夏季,公园的平均温度、湿度和园外道路相比,有极显著、显著差异;(4)在夏季,公园整体的降温增湿效果和公园面积、水体面积占比没有明显的相关性。这些结果可以给公园规划建设、市民出行游玩提供一定参考。

Effect of Temperature and Humidity of Urban Park Landscape in Suzhou

To study the temperature and humidity effect of different landscape types in Suzhou urban parks, five landscape types in Suzhou Park, Tongjing Park, Baitang Ecological Botanical Garden, Suzhou China Flower Botanical Garden were selected, including the tree-grass thick grove, tree-shrub-grass grove, treegrass sparse grove, lawn and park square, and the roads outside the park were used as control. Temperature and humidity of 1.5 m height of the landscapes were determined with the hand-held temperature and humidity meter. The results showed that: (1) landscapes with groundcover in different seasons had lowering temperature and increasing relative humidity effect compared with road and square; (2) in the five researched landscape types, tree-grass grove had the best effect of lowering temperature and increasing relative humidity; (3) in summer, the average temperature and average relative humidity of the parks had extremely significant difference, significant difference compared with roads outside the park; (4) in summer, the whole lowering temperature and increasing relative humidity effect of the park had no obvious correlation to the park area and water area ratio. These results could be as reference for park planning and public travel.