水稻无公害生产病虫草调控技术研究

利用无公害农药和农业措施防治水稻主要病虫草害,试验结果表明,多抗霉素在水稻分蘖末期和孕穗末期各喷施1次,对纹枯病防效达75.16%～94.27%,优于化学杀菌剂三唑酮;春雷霉素和灭瘟素在叶瘟病发生初期及破肚期、齐穗期各喷施1次,对叶瘟防效为50.54%～72.67%,穗瘟为76.66%～87.42%,与化学杀菌剂三环唑相当。无公害农药在二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟1～2龄幼虫期使用,苏云金杆菌防效优于化学杀虫剂杀虫双,皂素烟碱和苦参碱与杀虫双相当;皂素烟碱和苦参碱在稻飞虱1～2龄若虫期使用,药后3～30d防效均在70%以上,低于化学杀虫剂吡虫啉。在水稻移栽前耕地2次,再配合施用适量的未腐熟有机质或人工除草,能控制杂草发生和提高产量。采用无公害农药和农业措施防治水稻病虫草,产量较常规化防区略有增加,稻谷中农药残留量较化防区低,符合绿色食品卫生指标要求。

Control Techniques of Diseases Insect Pests and Weeds in Rice Non-polluted Production

Applied non-polluted pesticides and agricultural methods against the rice diseases,insect pests and weeds.Rice sheath blight resistance effect with polyoxin once at the end of tiller and boot stage was 75.16%～94.27%,better than chemical fungicide triadimefon.Applied kasugamycin and blasticidin at the initial of rice leaf blast and the booting as well as heading stage,the efficacy was 50.54%～72.67% for rice leaf blast and 76.66%～87.42% for rice head blast,equal to tricyclazole.Effect of non-polluted pesticides for Chilo suppressalis and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis,bacillus thuringiensis was better than bisultap,saponin nicotine and matrine equal to bisultap.The efficacy of saponin nicotine and matrine was above 70%,lower than chemical insecticide imidacloprid 3～30d after sprayed at 1～2 instar larvae of Nilaparvata lugens.Ploughed twice before transplant,with non-decomposed organism or weed control,it could improve rice yield.By applying non-polluted pesticides and agricultural methods against the rice diseases,insect pests and weeds,yield was higher than normal area.Pesticide residue in rice was low and production follows the green food rice standard.