上海动物园圈养梅花鹿（Cervus nippon）丰容效果的行为学评价

2013年1～4月期间，对上海动物园圈养梅花鹿进行了食物丰容，并基于动物行为对丰容效果进行了初步评价。采用瞬时扫描取样法观察记录14只梅花鹿丰容前后行为在时间和空间上的改变。研究表明，环境丰容对梅花鹿行为在时间和空间分配上均存在显著影响（P〈0．05）。从行为类型来看，丰容前后梅花鹿的摄食行为、反刍行为、乞食行为和运动行为存在显著差异（P〈0．05）。丰容使梅花鹿的摄食行为频率明显增加，从而使休息和聚群等其他各类行为频率减少。本研究对空间区域划分的手段能够为圈养区建设提供科学建议，对改善梅花鹿圈养条件具有积极的作用和效果。

Effect of Environmental Enrichment on the Behavior of Captive Chinese Sika Deer （Cervus nippon） at Shanghai Zoo

From January to April 2013, environmental enrichment （EE） was carried out in the exhibit of Chinese sika deer （ Cervus nippon） in Shanghai Zoo. We used the instantaneous scan sampling method to observe the temporal and spatial be-havior of 14 Chinese sika deer （ 4 ♂ , 10 9 ） to assess the effect of EE on their behavior. There were significant effects of EE on the temporal and spatial behavior of Chinese sika deer / goodness of fit test, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Feeding behavior, ruminating be-havior , begging behavior and movement behavior were significantly influenced by EE （ Mann - Whitney U test, P 〈 0. 05 ）. After EE, the frequency of feeding behavior increased while resting and grouping behavior declined. Our results on spatial separation of deer can guide future construction of deer enclosures, and lead to improvements in the quality of life for Chinese sika deer in captivity.