棉花F1性状与亲本关系分析

从36 个F1优势组合中筛选出强优势组合，将P1、P2、F1 随机区组排列，3 次重复，生育期内测定植株性状、黄萎病、产量构成要素及品质变化。通过对杂交棉强优势组合子一代与亲代间优势关系分析，揭示杂种一代变化趋势。结果表明院杂种一代与两亲本相比，株高、果枝数超过高值亲本Y5-1，生育期与早熟亲本一致，果枝始节位、第一果枝高接近两亲本均值；抗病能力超过病重亲本，但低于病轻亲本；铃重极显著高于双亲，籽皮棉产量均表现出明显的正向中亲优势和超亲优势，优势分别达到76.6%、25.4%。品质性状中，没有表现出超亲优势，纤维长度和成熟度指数与高值亲本P2相同，其余性状数值都接近于中亲值。指出种质创新、选择在杂优利用中的重要作用，同时应根据新疆实际情况加强对杂交二代的选育研究。

Analysis on relationship of cotton traitsbetween F1 hybrid and parents

Screening out strong heterosis combinations from 36 F1 combinations, with P1, P2, F1 in randomized block,repeated 3 times, plant traits, Verticillium wilt, yield components and quality changes of cotton in growth period weredetermined. By analysis on heterosis relationship between F1 hybrid cotton and their parents, the change trend of F1 wasrevealed. The results showed that, compared to parents, plant heights and number of fruit branches of F1 hybrid exceededthe high value parent Y5-1; the growth period was consistent with the early parent; high nods order of fruits and height offirst fruit branches were close to the mean values of two parents; disease resistance was over the seriously ill parent, butlower than the parent of mild disease; weight of cotton bolls was significantly greater than parents; seed cotton yield showedobvious positive mid-parent heterosis and transgressive heterosis, their strengths were 76.6% and 25.4%, respectively. Inquality traits, those hybrids showed no signs of transgressive heterosis; fiber length and maturity index were as the same asP2, the other traits were close to the value of mid-parents. The research indicated that hybrid and selection play importantrole in heterosis ultilization, and according to Xinjiang actual situation, more research should be done in the future, toenhance the F2 hybrid breeding research.