硒对苦荞产量、营养与保健品质的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了土壤施硒对苦荞生长、产量及营养与品质的影响。结果表明, 适量施硒(0.5 mg kg^-1)能促进苦荞生长, 显著提高株高、地上部干重和总干重。施硒量≤1.0 mg kg^-1时, 苦荞产量是不施硒处理的1.42~2.32倍, 株穗数和株粒数为不施硒处理的近2倍, 结实率提高0.6~6.2个百分点, 百粒重提高1.90%~5.85%, 黄酮和芦丁含量分别提高3.7%~7.5%和30.9%~59.6%, 以施硒0.5 mg kg^-1处理效果最佳, 显著提高产量和各品质性状。施硒量＞1.0 mg kg^-1各处理显著抑制苦荞植株生长, 使株高、干重、产量显著下降, 黄酮和芦丁含量分别降低4.4%~6.3%和1.06%~19.20%。苦荞籽粒中N、P、K、Zn、Ca、Mn、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸含量和氨基酸总量, 除施硒0.5 mg kg-1处理外, 均随施硒量的增加而提高。土壤施硒显著提高了苦荞籽粒的硒含量, 但不同程度地降低了淀粉含量。适量施硒对苦荞具有明显的增产和改善营养与保健品质的作用。

Effect of Selenium Application on Yield and Qualities for Nutrition and Health Care in Tartary Buckwheat

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) products are regarded as health food due to their components of vitamin B1 and E, mineral elements, flavonoids (mainly rutin) and high content of proteins. The composition ratios of eight essential amino acids in tartary buckwheat seeds is similar to that in eggs, and rutin is approved to be effective in protecting humans against chronic diseases (e.g. cardiovascular diseases), heart diseases, and cancer. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for higher animals and humans with many physiological functions. To study the effect of Se application on growth, yield and quality of tartary buckwheat, a pot experiment was carried out in 2005. The contents of total Se, amino acid, flavonoids, and rutin were determined by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer, automatic amino acid analyzer, A UV-VI 8500 spectrophotometer and HPLC respectively. The results showed that appropriate amount of Se (0.5 mg kg^-1 soil) significantly promoted the plant height, dry mat-ter weight of shoots, and the total weight of the plant. With the application of 1.0 mg Se kg^-1 soil, the yield, spikes, and grain number per plant were 1.42–2.32 times and about two times as many as those of untreated plants. The seed setting rate and 100-grain weight were increased by 0.6%–6.2% and 1.90%–5.85% respectively, and the contents of flavonoids and rutin in seeds improved by 3.7%–7.5% and 30.9%–59.6%, respectively. The most effective treatment occurred at the rate of 0.5 mg Se kg^-1 soil, which made the yield, all quality characters of seeds reach the peak. Excessive Se (1.0 mg kg^-1) obviously injured tartary buck-wheat plant, resulting in the decrease of yield, plant height and biomass. Except in the case where the treatment was 0.5 mg Se kg^-1 soil, the contents of N, P, K, Zn, Ca, Mn, crude protein, and fat were increased when the supply of Se was increased. The study showed that the application of Se to soil could significantly increase Se content, meanwhile, decrease starch content to a different extent. It is thus feasible to promote the growth, yield and qualities for nutrition and health care in seeds of tartary buck-wheat by adding appropriate Se to soil.