Improving Application Performance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> Polymerization and Crosslinking System of Maleic Acid/Itaconic Acid for Cotton Fabric

Maleic acid (MA) and itaconic acid (IA) used as crosslinking agents for cotton fabrics are more cost-effective than the most efficient nonformaldehyde crosslinker 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), but poor stability of finishing bath and fabric yellowing are the main disadvantage of MA/IA in situ polymerization and crosslinking system. In this research, the application performance improvement of MA/IA crosslinking system for cotton fabrics was studied. Replacement of the widely used sodium hypophosphite (SHP) with potassium hypophosphite (PHP) as catalyst allowed for obtaining a stable finishing bath under ambient temperature and led to improved final durable press (DP) performance of the treated fabrics. The influences of PHP concentration, curing temperature, and curing time on the performance of finished fabrics were investigated. Cotton fabrics treated by MA/IA/PHP crosslinking system exhibited comparable DP performance and laundering durability to that finished with BTCA. To address the fabric yellowing problem, the residual MA and IA attached on the treated fabrics by single-ended ester linkage was determined by HPLC. The data indicated that the degree of fabric yellowing was linearly related to the unpolymerized carboxylic acid MA and IA concentration on the treated fabrics. Several approaches were explored to improve the whiteness of MA/IA/PHP crosslinked fabrics. It was found that steam drying with 30-50 % humidity could effectively improve fabric whiteness. The findings of this study have significant implications for better application of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids in crosslinking of cellulose.