盐碱地改良肥配方优化及对滨海旱作夏玉米的影响

为了探究不同配方的生物有机肥施用效果以及施用量对滨海盐碱土壤改良和旱作玉米产量的影响,针对滨州市沾化区滨海盐碱地试验区设计大田试验。设置配方A（黄腐酸钾、鸡粪发酵原料为主）,配方B（脱硫石膏、纤维素-丙烯酰胺原料为主）和配方C（腐殖酸、食用菌菌渣原料为主）,并设空白对照ck,空白对照仅用底肥处理。对盐碱试验田栽培的玉米产量、叶片游离脯氨酸含量以及地上部作物生物量进行检测。结果表明,配方A、配方B、配方C对玉米平均产量分别提高8.13%、7.37%和10.16%,配方C对作物增产效果最为显著;玉米叶片的游离脯氨酸含量与对照相比分别降低30.15%、26.37%、45%,表明作物抗盐碱胁迫能力增强;施用配方C对试验田进行处理,2017年作物地上部生物量最高提升15.4%,2018年提升21.1%,对作物促生效果明显。综上所述,腐殖酸、脱硫石膏、菌渣等原料间的协同效应对滨海盐碱地具有良好改良效果。

Optimization of Improved Fertilizer Formula for Saline-alkali Land and Its Influence on Coastal Dryland Summer Maize

To explore the effects of different formulas of bio-organic fertilizer application and application rate on the improvement of coastal saline-alkali soil and the yield of dryland maize, a field trial was designed for the coastal saline-alkali land test area in Zhanhua District, Binzhou City. Formula A (Potassium fulvate and chicken manure fermentation materials), formula B (desulfurization gypsum and cellulose-acrylamide raw materials), and formula C (humic acid and edible fungus residue) were set up. A control was set with base fertilizer. The yield, free proline content of leaf and aboveground crop biomass of saline-alkali field maize were tested. The results showed that the average yield of Formula A, Formula B and Formula C increased by 8.13%, 7.37% and 10.16%, respectively. Formula C had the most significant effect on the increase of maize yield. The content of free proline in maize leaves decreased by 30.15%, 26.37% and 45% compared with that of the control, indicating that the ability of salt and alkali stress resistance of maize was enhanced. Formula C was applied to the test field, in 2017, the aboveground biomass of crop increased by 15.4%, and in 2018, it increased by 21.1%, showing that the formula had obvious promotion for crop growth. In summary, the synergistic effect between the eutrophic acid, desulfurization gypsum and microbial materials has a good improvement effect on the coastal saline-alkali land.