鲜饲金荞麦对热应激蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清指标的影响

本试验旨在研究鲜饲金荞麦对热应激条件下的长顺绿壳蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清指标的影响。采用完全随机试验设计,将300只鸡分为5个处理组:C组(基础饲粮)、T₁组(基础饲粮+5%金荞麦)、T₂组(基础饲粮+10%金荞麦)、T₃组(基础饲粮+15%金荞麦)和T₄组(基础饲粮+20%金荞麦),每个处理5个重复,每个重复12只鸡。将所有用于试验的鸡只暴露于(31.4±1.5) ℃的高温环境下发生自然热应激。记录和统计每月平均采食量、蛋重和产蛋数,并测定试验末各处理鸡蛋的表观品质、全蛋氨基酸和蛋黄脂肪酸含量,以及蛋鸡的血清激素水平、炎症因子和内毒素浓度。结果表明,T₁组在试验第2个月的产蛋率显著高于其余处理组(P<0.05),C、T₁和T₂的产蛋率在第3个月和全期差异不显著(P>0.05);C和T₁的蛋黄颜色等级显著低于其余处理组(P<0.05);T₃组全蛋中的异亮氨酸含量最高,T₃和T₄组的蛋氨酸含量较高(P<0.05),而C组的多不饱和脂肪酸显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05);C组蛋鸡的肾上腺皮质激素和皮质酮浓度显著高于试验组(P<0.05),相反,C组的皮质酮和黄体生成素显著低于试验组(P<0.05),试验组白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子α和血清内毒素均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。因此,饲粮中添加10%的鲜饲金荞麦对热应激条件下长顺绿壳蛋鸡的平均产蛋率无负面影响,加深了蛋黄颜色;改善了全蛋氨基酸组成和含量,但对蛋黄脂肪酸组成有负面影响;提高了血清促卵泡素和黄体生成素含量;降低了血清炎症因子和内毒素水平。

Effects of fresh feeding Fagopyrum dibotrys on performance,egg quality and serum index of heat stressed laying hens

The objective of this research was to determine the effects on laying performance, egg quality and serum hormone levels, of feeding fresh Fagopyrum dibotrys as part of the diet of Changshun Blue-Eggshell laying hens. Laying hens (n=300) were divided into five treatment groups with a completely randomized design: Control (group C, basic diet), T₁ (basic diet+5% F. dibotrys), T₂ (basic diet+10% F. dibotrys), T₃ (basic diet+15% F. dibotrys) and T₄ (basic diet+20% F. dibotrys), with 5 replicates per treatment and 12 chickens per replicate. All experimental laying hens were exposed to (31.4±1.5) ℃ to induce natural heat stress. Data collected included: The average monthly feed intake, egg weight and number of the laying eggs, the apparent quality of eggs, the content of amino acids and fatty acids in the whole egg, the levels of serum hormones, inflammatory factors and endotoxin concentration at the end of the experiment. It was found that: 1) The laying rate of the T₁ group in the second month was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the laying rates of groups C, T₁ and T₂ in the third month and the whole period (P>0.05). 2) The egg content of isoleucine was the highest in T₃ group, but higher in T₃ and T₄ groups than the others (P<0.05), but the polyunsaturated fatty acids in group C were significantly higher than those in other treatment groups (P<0.05). 3) The concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone in group C were significantly higher than those in the experimental groups (P<0.05); conversely, the levels of corticosterone and luteinizing hormone in group C were significantly lower than those in the experimental group (P<0.05), and the levels of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α and serum endotoxin in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Thus, it was found that adding 10% F. dibotrys to the diet had no negative effect on the average egg production rate, deepened the yolk color, improved the amino acid composition and content of the whole egg, but had a negative effect on the fatty acid composition of the yolk, increased the serum FSH and LH content, and reduced the serum inflammatory factor and endotoxin level.