基于GIS技术的土壤养分空间分布分析及应用

以河北省唐山市丰南区耕层土壤（0~20cm）有机质、有效磷和速效钾为研究对象,利用GIS技术研究了该地区的土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾的时空变异及空间分布特征,并分析了土壤养分波动的原因。结果表明：土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量均符合正态分布;土壤有机质含量、有效磷成逐年上升的趋势,土壤速效钾含量成逐年下降的趋势;土壤有机质、有效磷主要受耕作方式、施肥等人为因素影响较大;土壤速效钾含量与土壤质地、成土母质及施肥等因素有关。提出了实施有机质提升工程、推广测土配方施肥技术,平衡土壤养分,提高作物产量等措施。

Application and analysis of the spatial – temporal of soil nutrients using GIS technique

Using soil organic matter, available P and available K in the plough layer soil （0-20 cm） of fengnan-growing area, in Tangshan of Hebei province as studied object, the spatial distribution character and Spatial-temporal Variability of organic matter, available P and available K in soil of these areas was revealed, utilizing method of Arc GIS technique, and the reasons of the soil nutrient change were analyzed. The results showed that soil organic matter, available P and available K showed normal distribution, soil organic matter, available P went up, and available K down year by year; The changes of the soil organic matter and available P mainly contributed to people factors; there was relationship between available K and the soil organic, soil pathogenic parent material, people factors. So, the implementation of organic matter projects, balance of soil nutrients, increase crop yield and promote soil testing fertilization and other measures were proposed, balance of soil nutrients, increase crop yield.