小果油茶农家品种间遗传差异及亲缘关系分析

从表型性状和分子水平上研究了小果油茶农家品种间的遗传差异及亲缘关系。结果表明:小果油茶农家品种在果实、叶和花性状上的变异极为丰富,每500 g鲜果数的变异系数最大(76.91%),不饱和脂肪酸含量变异系数最小(3.31%);果实性状的变异程度高于叶和花性状;果纵径和果横径与叶长、叶周长和花冠直径呈显著或极显著正相关;农家品种宜春白皮中籽表型性状的总变异程度高于龙眼茶、羊屎茶和珍珠茶。利用25对AFLP引物组合在4个小果油茶农家品种和普通油茶中共扩增出921条带,其中多态性条带706条,多态性条带比率达75.7%;羊屎茶与宜春白皮中籽的遗传相似系数最大(0.698 2),龙眼茶与普通油茶的相似系数最小(0.558 1)。AFLP标记和表型性状的聚类都可将小果油茶农家品种和普通油茶分开,但对小果油茶农家品种间的归类并未完全一致。

Analysis of Genetic Difference and Relationship of Camellia meiocarpa Native Varieties by Morphology and AFLP Markers

The genetic difference of four native Camellia meiocarpa varieties were studied based on their morphological characters and AFLP markers. The results showed that a relatively high level of genetic variation of fruit, leaf and flower traits was detected in the four varieties, and the variation coefficient (CV) of fresh fruit number per 500 g was the largest (76.91%), but that of unsaturated fatty acid was the smallest (3.31%). The fruit characters had higher variation than that of leaf and flower traits. The fruit size (fruit longitudinal diameter × fruit transverse diameter) had significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation with the leaf length, leaf circumference and corolla diameter. And the local variety Yichunbaipi had higher variation than that of the other three varieties. 25 pairs of AFLP primers were selected to amplify the genomic DNAs of the four C. meiocarpa varieties and C. oleifera. A total of 921 AFLP bands were obtained, in which 706 bands were polymorphic makers, and the percentage of polymorphism was 75.7%. The genetic similarity coefficient between the varieties Yangshi and Yichunbaipi was the largest (0.698 2), while that of the variety Longyan and C. oleifera was the smallest(0.558 1). Cluster analysis by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) showed that C. meiocarpa and C. oleifera could be well distinguished both by AFLP or morphological markers, but the cluster results based on AFLP makers for the four C. meiocarpa varieties were not fully consistent with that based on their morphological characters.