云南4种典型热带丛生竹的种源分化

以典型的自然或栽培种群为研究对象,全面调查和分析了云南4种典型热带丛生竹——巨龙竹、龙竹、云南甜龙竹和黄竹种质资源及其遗传分化背景,并结合种群平均秆径和平均秆质量,初步评价了以种群为代表的各个竹种的种源分化状况。结果显示:4个竹种种群间的平均秆径和平均秆质量等主要营林指标差异显著;巨龙竹、龙竹、云南甜龙竹种群间存在着较高水平的遗传分化,其遗传分化系数(Gst)均大于0.83;而黄竹种群间也存在一定水平的遗传分化(Gst=0.252 4)。研究结果为筛选巨龙竹等4个竹种的优良种源提供了理论依据。

Study on Provenance Differentiation of Four Typical Tropical Clump Bamboos in Yunnan, China

Tropical clump woody bamboo (TCWB) is a kind of high-value forest tree, and China's Yunnan Provence is among the regions with the most tropical bamboos in the world. For a long time, however, the studies on systematic provenance selection has not been implemented for many TCWBs with large-scale cultivation in Yunnan. Therefore, many high-quality provenances still need a urgent excavation and protection. In this study, 39 typical natural or cultivated populations from four TCWBs in Yunnan, i.e., Dendrocalamus sinicus Chia et J. L. Sun, D. giganteus Munro, D. brandisii (Munro) Kurz and D. membranaceus Munro, were surveyed and analyzed with genetic differentiation at population level. Furthermore, combining with average diameter at the breast height (DBH) and weight of culms at population level, the best provenances of those four TCWBs were estimated. The results showed that the average DBH and weight of culms at population level were significantly different among populations of all the four TCWB. Meanwhile, a high level of genetic differentiation was detected among populations of three cultivated TCWBs, i.e., D. sinicus, D. giganteus and D. brandisii, with a high coefficient of genetic differentiation among populations (G_st) which was greater than 0.83. On the other hand, a low genetic differentiation (G_st=0.252 4) was found among populations of D. membranaceus. The results are of great significance for high-quality provenances selection for those four TCWBs.