大豆蛋白质含量遗传变异特点及早世代选择效果的研究

利用５个亲本配制了３个杂交组合，研究其杂种后代Ｆ２－Ｆ４代蛋白质含量遗传变异的特点及早世代分组选择的效果。结果表明：（１）大豆蛋白质含量以基因的加性效应为主；但也存在一定的显性效应。（２）相关分析显示，中亲与后代的相关值比父本或母本与后代的相关值高，世代间的相关显著，相关值以邻近世代间较高；（３）蛋白质含量总的变异趋势是：组合间＞家系间＞家系内单株间；（４）在大豆杂交组合的早世代对单株蛋白质含量进行选择是有效的，而在Ｆ２的选择较在以后世代中选择更为有效。

GENETIC VARIABILITY OF PROTEIN CONTENT AND ITS SELECTION EFFICIENCY IN THE EARLY GENERATIONS OF SOYBEAN CROSSES

Three crosses were made using five soybean parents with different protein content, and the genetic property and selection efficiency were studied in the progenies of F 2-F 4 generations. The results showed that: (1) Additive effect was most important for protein content while that of dominant genes were also observed. (2) Correlation coefficient between mid-parent and ganerations were greater than those between maternal or paternal parents and generations. (3) The rank of variant coefficients of protein content was crosses>families within cross>plants within family. (4) The heritabiliy and expected genetic advances in soybean was generally high; which meant necessity and possibility of selecting plants of high protein content from early generation progenies. Selection from F 2 genertion could obtain more genetic advances for protein content than that from F 3,F 4 generation in three crosses.