哌珀霉素防治草莓炭疽病的研究

采用菌丝生长速率法，用橘绿木霉Trichoderma citrinoviride TR673在液体发酵过程中产生的一种次级代谢物——哌珀霉素（Peptaibols），对多种植物病原菌进行了抑菌活性测试。结果显示，哌珀霉素对草莓炭疽病的病原菌胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides有较高的抑菌活性，其EC₅₀和EC₉₀分别为1.480和22.193 mg/L。将含有哌珀霉素的发酵粗提物制成含12%哌珀霉素可湿性粉剂，在上海青浦和金山2个地区，进行防治草莓炭疽病的药效试验。当12%哌珀霉素的施用量≥450 g/hm²时，对草莓炭疽病的防治效果显著高于其他施用量处理和50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂的化学对照处理。在进行“安全性评价”测试时发现，用浓度为900、1800、3600 g/hm²的12%哌珀霉素可湿性粉剂对3个草莓品种进行施药，不仅对生长无影响，也无药害产生。

Control Effect of Peptaibols against Strawberry Anthracnose

By use of measuring the growth rate of fungal mycelium, many plant pathogens were antagonistically tested with a peptaibols, a secondary metabolite produced by the strain TR673 of Trichoderma citrinoviride during liquid fermentation process. The results showed that this peptaibols can strongly prevent the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioide, a causal pathogen of strawberry anthracnose. The values of its EC₅₀ and EC₉₀ were 1.4795 mg/L and 22.1937mg/L, respectively. A formulation of 12% peptaibols wettable powder (WP) was made from the crude extractings and used to conduct an efficacy test on preventing the disease of strawberry anthracnose in Qingpu and Jinshan areas of Shanghai. When the application rate of 12% peptaibols WP was ≥ 450 g/hm², control efficacy of strawberry anthracnose was significantly higher than other treatments including the chemical control of 50% carbendazim WP. A "Safety Evaluation Test" was conducted with 3 application rates (900, 1800, 3600 g/hm²) onto 3 varieties of strawberry. The results indicated that there were no side-effects on growth and chemical toxicity to the strawberries.