植保无人飞机低空低容量喷雾技术应用与展望

近十年来,我国植保无人飞机迅猛发展,应用的农作物范围越来越广,不仅在水稻、小麦、玉米等主要粮食作物得到了应用,在橡胶、槟榔等高大植株的病虫害防治中更有其独特优势,已经初步形成了我国植保无人飞机低空低容量喷雾的喷头配置、配套药剂、飞防助剂、作业参数等技术体系,对于重要农作物病虫害如稻纵卷叶螟、水稻纹枯病、小麦蚜虫、玉米黏虫等防治效果均在80%以上,在各地病虫害防控中发挥了重要作用。但是,植保无人飞机喷雾作业过程中,还存在炸机或失控、雾滴飘移药害、药液分层结块、防治效果不稳定等问题。通过汇总分析植保无人飞机在重要病虫草害防治工作的成功经验和安全事故,本文提出植保无人飞机低容量喷雾技术将会得到更广泛的应用,植保无人飞机专用药剂和配套助剂、变量施药、多传感器数据融合、多机协同、精准施药、施药标准和规范等都将得到长足的发展,为现代农业和智慧农业发展提供技术支持。

Applications and prospects in the unmanned aerial system forlow-altitude and low-volume spray in crop protection

Over the past ten years, the unmanned aerial system (UAS) for crop protection has been developing rapidly in China and has been used for more and more crops. It has been applied not only to primary food crops such as rice, wheat, corn and so on, but also to long-stalk plants such as rubber and areca for controlling diseases and insect pests. The low-volume application technology of UAS for crop protection has been initially formed in China such as nozzles setup, pesticide products, spray adjuvants, flight parameters. The control effects on diseases and insect pests, including rice leaf roller, rice sheath blight, wheat aphid and corn armyworm, are more than 80%. The UAS plays an important role in the control of diseases and insect pests in different provinces. However, during the spray application of UAS for crop protection, there are still some problems such as the UAS crash, phytotoxicity by droplet drifting, pesticide solution separation and precipitation, and control efficiency instability. Through summarizing and analyzing the successful experience and safety accidents of UAS for plant protection in the control of important diseases, pests and weeds, this paper proposes that the low-volume spray technology of UAS will be more widely applied and it will make great progress in the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in terms of special agents and auxiliary agents, variable dosage, multisensor data fusion, multiple machine synergy, precise application, pesticide product standard and so on. It will provide technical support for the development of modern agriculture and intelligent agriculture.