不同营养对亚金跳小蜂寿命和适合度的影响

为了解不同营养对寄生性天敌亚金跳小蜂Aenasius arizonensis(Girault)寿命及适合度的影响,在室内测定了10%蜂蜜水、10%蜂蜜水+粉蚧蜜露、蒸馏水+粉蚧蜜露、粉蚧蜜露和蒸馏水等不同饲喂条件对亚金跳小蜂寿命、雌蜂平均寄生率、羽化率和子代雌性比例的影响。结果表明,不同营养处理均能显著延长亚金跳小蜂的平均寿命,其中以10%蜂蜜水+粉蚧蜜露处理的效果最为显著,其雌、雄蜂平均寿命较对照分别增加3.87 d和1.07 d;不同营养条件下,雌蜂的适合度以10%蜂蜜水+粉蚧蜜露处理最好,雌蜂平均寄生率、羽化率和子代雌性比例分别为对照的12.11、1.84和52.35倍,雌蜂平均寄生率、羽化率和子代雌性比例在4~10 d均维持在较高水平,其最大值分别达80.67%、70.72%和63.74%。表明各种营养条件,尤其以10%蜂蜜水+粉蚧蜜露为营养时可延长亚金跳小蜂寿命,同时能提高其适合度。

Effects of nutrition on the longevity and fitness of parasitoid Aenasius arizonensis

To determine the effect of nutrition on the predominant parasitic wasp Aenasius arizonensis (Girault), the longevity and fitness of adults fed with 10% honey solution, a mixture of 10% honey solution and P. solenopsis honeydew, a mixture of distilled water and P. solenopsis honeydew, P. solenopsis honeydew and distilled water (CK) were investigated. The results showed that the nutritional treatments had significant effects on adult longevity. The adults feeding on a mixture of 10% honey solution and P. solenopsis honeydew had the longest longevity among all treatments, and the mean longevity of females and males were 3.87 and 1.07 days longer than that of CK, respectively. Moreover, the adults fed with a mixture of 10% honey solution and P. solenopsis honeydew also had the largest fitness. The average parasitism rate of females, emergence rate and the offspring female ratio were 12.11, 1.84 and 52.35 times that of the CK, respectively. Additionally, the average parasitism rate of females, emergence rate and offspring female ratio of adults fed with this nutrition maintained at a higher level at 4-10 d after emergence, and the highest values were 80.67%, 70.72% and 63.74%, respectively. The results indicated that a mixture of 10% honey solution and P. solenopsis honeydew had significant effect on extending longevity, and played a key role in improving fitness of A. arizonensis.