不同种类杀螨剂对壁蜂蜂螨的防治及安全性

为探讨不同杀螨剂对壁蜂Osmia cornifrons蜂螨的防控作用,筛选了适合壁蜂定巢繁殖的巢管管口内径范围,并采用药液浸渍法比较了螺螨酯、炔螨特、联苯肼酯、四螨嗪、三唑锡5种杀螨剂对壁蜂蜂螨的防治效果及安全性。结果表明,壁蜂芦苇巢管管口内径在8.00~8.49 mm范围时最适合壁蜂定巢繁殖,巢室数量最多,为8.5个,显著高于其它管口内径范围下的巢室数。与空白对照相比,5种杀螨剂各剂量处理对芦苇巢管中壁蜂的巢室数均无显著影响,不同剂量的三唑锡和四螨嗪浸渍芦苇巢管均可有效控制芦苇巢管内蜂螨的为害,2种药剂各剂量处理对巢管中蜂螨的防治效果为97.22%~100.00%,对巢室蜂螨的防治效果为98.75%~100.00%,防治效果显著;而不同剂量的螺螨酯、炔螨特和联苯肼酯对芦苇巢管中蜂螨的防治效果较低,各剂量处理对巢管蜂螨的防治效果为39.81%~80.56%,对巢室蜂螨的防治效果为46.01%~83.82%。表明四螨嗪和三唑锡浸渍处理芦苇巢管可作为有效防治壁蜂蜂螨为害的安全施药手段。

Control effects of several acaricides on mites on horned-face bee Osmia cornifrons and the safety evaluation

To investigate the control effects of acaricides on mites associated with horned-face bee Osmia cornifrons, the appropriate inner diameter of honeycomb for the breeding of O. cornifron was screened, and the efficacy and safety of spirodiclofen, propargite, bifenazate, clofentezine and azocyclotin to O. cornifrons were investigated. The results showed that the best suitable inner diameter of honeycomb for the breeding of O. cornifrons was 8.00-8.49 mm, with the 8.5 cells per honeycomb, significantly better than the other inner diameters. Compared with the negative control, no significant differences were found in the number of honeycomb dipped with the five acaricides. Different treatments with azocyclotin and clofentezine had significant preventive effects on the mites, with a control efficacy of 97.22%-100.00% and 98.75%-100.00% to honeycombs and cells, respectively. On the contrary, the treatments with spirodiclofen, propargite and bifenazate had relatively low control effect on the mites, with a control efficacy of 39.81%-80.56% and 46.01%-83.82% against honeycombs and celsl, respectively. The results indicated that dipping honeycomb with azocyclotin and clofentezine had great application potential for controlling mites on O. cornifrons.