转耐盐碱基因棉花生长发育及其对生物多样性的影响

为明确新型转基因棉花的生长发育、产量性状、生理生化指标及其对棉田生物多样性的影响,于2014—2015年对新型转耐盐碱基因棉花(13018)在施药和不施药条件下与其亲本对照中9807的生长发育及棉田生物多样性进行了系统调查和分析。结果表明,在棉花生长的关键时期苗期、蕾期和花铃期,无论施药与否,转耐盐碱基因棉花与亲本对照棉花间的单株叶面积、叶片干重、株高、主茎叶片数、主要生理生化物质含量均无显著差异,2种棉田中节肢动物个体总数、群落多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势集中性也均无显著差异。与亲本对照相比,在施药和不施药条件下,转耐盐碱基因棉花的单株大铃数在2014年分别增加了4.47%和12.65%,在2015年分别显著增加了59.51%和81.94%,表明转耐盐碱基因棉花较非转基因亲本棉花有较高的产量潜力。由此可见,新型转耐盐碱基因棉花在生长发育方面没有竞争优势,对棉田生物多样性无明显影响,产量构成性状在部分时期增强,具有较好的发展潜力。

Effects of transgenic cotton harboring salt-tolerant gene on the growth of cotton and biological diversity in the field

To clarify the effect of novel exogenous gene on the cotton growth and development, yield traits, physiological and biochemical indexes and biological diversity, a systematic investigation and analysis were conducted between the transgenic cotton harboring the salt-tolerant gene and its parental cotton under the conditions with or without pesticide spraying in 2014-2015. The results showed that, in the critical period of cotton seedling, budding and boll stages, compared with non-transgenic cotton, the salt-tolerant gene group had no significant differences in leaf area, dry weight, plant height, leaf number, the main content of biochemical substances, the number of individual, community diversity index, evenness index and dominance between pesticide spraying or no pesticide treatment. In 2014, the number of big bolls of novel transgenic cotton increased by 4.47% and 12.65% under the conditions of pesticide spraying and the negative control, respectively, but there were no significant differences between them. In 2015, the novel transgenic cotton significantly increased the number of big bolls by 59.51% and 81.94% under the conditions of pesticide spraying and the control, respectively. It indicated that the novel transgenic cotton had higher yield potential than its parental cotton. The study suggested that the salt-tolerant cotton variety did not have a competitive advantage in cotton growth and development and biological diversity, but have a good potential for future development.