山东省樱桃主产区果蝇的调查与鉴定

为了解山东省樱桃主产区果蝇的发生情况,本研究选择了山东省主要樱桃产区的7个地点进行调查,并通过形态学特征和分子鉴定法对果蝇的种类进行鉴定。结果发现,山东省樱桃主产区有4种果蝇,通过形态特征与分子鉴定法最终确定4种果蝇,分别为斑翅果蝇Drosophila suzukii、黑腹果蝇D.melanogaster、海德果蝇D.hydei和伊米果蝇D.immigrans。这4种果蝇对樱桃的为害程度与种植地区、果实腐烂程度和樱桃的品种均有关系;莱芜和泰安地区果蝇分别有4种和3种;烟台和威海地区则只有斑翅果蝇和黑腹果蝇2种。烟台地区果蝇为害率最高,且数量最多,其中烟台丁家夼村樱桃为害率高达45.16%,在第2次采集中烟台薛家村每100粒樱桃中斑翅果蝇和黑腹果蝇的数量最多。美早和先锋2个品种樱桃对果蝇的吸引力较强;采摘后期腐烂的果实可吸引大量的果蝇产卵。因此,应对烟台地区进行重点预防、早期防治,并减少美早和先锋品种樱桃在山东省的种植。

The survey and identification of the fruit flies in the main cherry-producing areas of Shandong Province

To clarify the invasion and harm of fruit flies to cherry in Shandong Province, the occurrence dynamics of fruit flies was investigated in main cherry-producing regions. The collected fruit flies were identified based on the morphological and molecular methods. The results showed that four species of Drosophila, D. suzukii, D. melanogaster, D. hydei and D. immigrans were found in cherry. The damage degree of the four species on cheery was related with the rotten degree of cherry, planting areas and cherry varieties. There were four and three species in Laiwu and Taian regions, respectively, while only D. suzukii and D. melanogaster were found in Yantai and Weihai regions. The damage rate and the number of fruit flies were the highest in Yantai region. In Dingjiakuang Village in Yantai, the damage rate of fruit flies was 45.16%, and the numbers of D. suzukii and D. melanogaster per 100 cherry fruits were the most among all the regions in Xuejia Village in Yantai at the second survey. Two varieties of cherry (Meizao and Xianfeng) were more attractive to fruit flies than other varieties. Moreover, the rotten fruits in the late picking period could attract a large number of fruit flies to lay eggs. The results indicated that Yantai region was the main region for the prevention and management of fruit flies. Planting area of cherry with varieties of Meizao and Xianfeng should be reduced in Shandong Province.