北京地区日光温室草莓灰霉病发生 动态监测和影响因素分析

 草莓灰霉病是由灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea Pers.)引起的一种真菌病害,可造成草莓烂果,严重影响草莓产量和采后保存。为了探明日光温室草莓灰霉病的发生流行规律,在2013—2014年生长季和2014—2015年生长季,对北京地区草莓日光温室空气中灰葡萄孢分生孢子数量、草莓花瓣带菌率和灰霉病病果数进行了动态监测和调查,同时对日光温室中气象因子进行了系统监测和记录。结果表明,在草莓日光温室中,利用孢子捕捉器捕获的灰葡萄孢分生孢子数量在一天中主要集中在5:00-18:00,以11:00-14:00数量最大。在一天中每小时捕获的分生孢子数量与温度和光照强度呈极显著正相关(P≤0.01),与相对湿度呈极显著负相关(P≤0.01)。新增草莓灰霉病病果数与7 d前当天捕获的分生孢子数量呈极显著正相关(r=0.872,P≤0.01),与7 d前当天的新鲜花瓣带菌率亦呈极显著正相关(r=0.807,P≤0.01),这为利用捕获的分生孢子数量和新鲜花瓣的带菌率预测7 d后草莓灰霉病的发生情况提供了重要参考。本研究结果有助于了解日光温室中草莓灰霉病的发生规律和影响因素,为该病害的防控和预测测报提供了依据。

Epidemic monitoring and influence factor analysis of strawberry gray mold in greenhouse in Beijing

Strawberry gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. is an important infectious disease, which can cause fruit rot of strawberry and gives a great threat to fruit yields and post-harvest fruits of strawberry. To study the epidemics of strawberry gray mold in greenhouse and to investigate the corresponding influence factors, the number of airborne conidia of B. cinerea, the rate of petals infected by the fungus and the number of new diseased fruits were dynamically monitored in the growing seasons of 2013 to 2014 and 2014 to 2015, respectively. Combining with meteorological factors recorded in the greenhouse, all collected data were analyzed. The results showed that the airborne conidia concentration of B. cinerea was high from 5:00 to 18:00, especially during 11:00 to 14:00 in one day. The analysis results based on the obtained data in the two growing seasons of strawberry demonstrated that the hourly number of trapped conidia had highly significant positive correlation with temperature and light intensity (P≤0.01), and had highly significant negative correlation with relative humidity (P≤0.01). The number of new diseased fruits had highly significant positive correlation with both the number of trapped conidia (r=0.872, P≤0.01) and the infection rate of the fresh petals (r=0.807, P≤0.01) on the seventh day before the corresponding fruit survey, indicating that this number of trapped conidia and this infection rate could be used as references to predict strawberry gray mold seven days in advance. The results of this study are helpful to understand the occurrence and influence factors of strawberry gray mold in greenhouse, and have provided some basis for the prevention and control of this disease.