膜翅目昆虫miRNA基因家族的鉴定和进化分析

寄生蜂是重要的天敌昆虫，一直以来是生物防治的研究热点。对寄生蜂miRNA的研究可以进一步揭示其生物学特性。本研究选取包括6种寄生蜂在内的19种膜翅目昆虫，鉴定了这些昆虫的miRNA基因及家族，并分析膜翅目昆虫的保守miRNA家族的进化。发现12个miRNA家族为膜翅目昆虫特有，表明在膜翅目昆虫的进化早期发生了miRNA家族的大规模获得事件。分析发现在寄生蜂不同谱系尾蜂、小蜂总科及茧蜂科中，保守的miRNA家族存在多次独立丢失现象。本研究为进一步挖掘寄生蜂中的miRNA-基因靶标关系提供了数据基础。

Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of miRNA Genes Families of Hymenoptera

Parasitoid wasps are important natural enemies of pests. Elucidating the evolution and functions of wasp miRNAs can be helpful for better understanding the biological characteristics of wasps. Here, we identified the miRNAs from 19 Hymenopteran insects including 6 parasitoid wasps. The miRNA gene families of these species were also identified. The evolutionary analysis of conserved miRNA families in Hymenoptera insects revealed 12 Hymenoptera-specific miRNA families, implying a large-scale gain of miRNAs during the early evolution of Hymenoptera. miRNA families showed multiple independent loss in parasitoid linage Orussidae, Chalcidoidea and Braconidae. The work provides a basis for further exploration of miRNA-gene target relationships in parasitoid wasps.