生防菌解淀粉芽胞杆菌Ht-q6可湿性粉剂的研制及对番茄病害的田间防效

为了研制一种高效、安全及无污染的生防菌剂，本文以核桃内生生防菌解淀粉芽胞杆菌Ht-q6为材料，通过室内筛选和田间试验，确定了生防菌Ht-q6可湿性粉剂的最佳助剂配方及对番茄叶霉病和灰霉病的田间防效。结果表明，可湿性粉剂的最佳配方为载体硅藻土（85%）、润湿剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（6%）、分散剂木质素磺酸钠（6%）、稳定剂KH₂PO₄（1.0%）、紫外保护剂抗坏血酸（1.0%）。该粉剂芽胞含量2.28×10¹⁰ cfu/g、杂菌率0.5%、pH 5.8、细度93.5%、干燥减量2.5%、润湿时间45 s、悬浮率85.6%，符合国家标准值，质量合格。同时采用喷雾法测定了不同浓度菌剂对大棚中番茄病害的防治效果，结果表明，稀释200×（制剂用量225 g/667m²）的可湿性粉剂对番茄灰霉病和叶霉病的防效分别为77.1%和74.3%，与对照药剂75%百菌清的防效相比，叶霉病防效差异不显著而灰霉病防效差异显著。该菌剂的研制在生产实践中为番茄病害提供一条生防途径。

Preparation of Biocontrol Agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Ht-q6 Wettable Powder and the Field Control against Tomato Diseases

In order to develop biocontrol agent with high efficiency, safety and non-pollution, with the endophytic strain Ht-q6 from walnut as material, the optimal formula of biocontrol bacterium Ht-q6 wettable powder (WP) were screened and its field efficacy on tomato leaf mold and gray mold were determined. The results showed that the best formulation of WP was diatomite (85%) as filler, DBS (6%) as wetting agent, sodium lignosulphonate (6%) as dispersing agent, KH₂PO₄ (1.0%) as stabilizer and acide ascorbique (1.0%) as UV protective. The spore content of the powder was 2.28×10¹⁰ cfu/g, the rate of bacteria was 0.5%, the pH value was 5.8, the fineness was 93.5%, the drying loss was 2.5%, wetting time was 45 s, and the suspension rate was 85.6%, which was in line with national standards and quality standards. Field trials with different concentrations of fungicides against tomato gray mold and leaf mold diseases demonstrated that the control effects of WP with the dilution of 200×(dosage:225 g/667 m²) on both diseases were remarkable, with the efficacies of 77.1% and 74.3%, respectively. The control effect of WP with the dilution of 200×on leaf mold is not significantly different from the control, while that on gray mold is significantly different. The preparation of this bacterium is an effective way to prevent tomato disease in practice.