中低品位磷矿资源高效利用机制与途径研究进展

磷矿是生产磷肥的原料，是不可再生的重要战略资源。高品位磷矿开采过度，面临枯竭。充分利用中低品位磷矿，是磷资源可持续高效利用的关键。中低品位磷矿有效磷含量低，提高磷的活化利用效率是综合利用中低品位磷矿的核心。然而，对中低品位磷矿的利用大多重视物理和化学方法的活化效应，忽视了植物自身根际效应的活化作用。植物通过调控根系形态与生理，以及根际互作效应，促进对中低品位磷矿养分的活化与吸收。这种基于根际过程的生物活化是磷资源高效利用的重要途径。本文在总结中低品位磷矿中磷的活化方法的基础上，提出了通过强化作物根际效应，挖掘植物的生物学潜力，提高作物对中低品位磷矿的综合利用效率，为磷资源的可持续利用提供科学依据。本文主要从根际效应层面剖析了中低品位磷矿高效利用的技术原理与途径。充分发挥作物高效利用磷的生物学潜力，有效利用作物的根际特性，实现土壤–作物–磷肥的匹配，开发“绿色”新型磷肥将是未来实现磷资源可持续利用的有效途径。加强磷矿中全量养分的综合利用也是未来研究的重点方向。

Advances of mechanisms and technology pathway of efficient utilization of medium-low grade phosphate rock resources

Phosphate rock is raw material for phosphate fertilizer production, which is one of the most important strategic non-renewable resources. High grade phosphate rock is mined excessively, leading rapid depletion, and rich ore resources are exhausting. How to make full use of medium-low grade phosphate rock is critical for sustainable phosphorus-resource usage. Medium-low grade phosphate rock reserves are large, but the available phosphorus content is relatively low. To improve phosphorus (P) use efficiency, P mobilization is the core of the comprehensive utilization of medium-low grade phosphate rock. In most cases, utilization of low and medium grade phosphate rocks can mainly lay emphases on physical and chemical mobilization approaches, whereas the rhizosphere effects of plants in P mobilization are largely neglected. Plants can mobilize and uptake nutrients through the regulation of root morphology and physiology, and the interaction of rhizosphere. This is an important way of improving the efficient utilization of phosphorus resources by rhizosphere processes-based biological mobilization. This paper summarized the main approaches of improving the integrated use efficiency of medium-low grade phosphate rock. It is proposed that enhancing crop rhizosphere effect and exploring biological potential of plants can improve the comprehensive utilization of low and medium grade phosphate rocks. This pape can provide a scientific basis for sustainable utilization of phosphorus resource. This paper has analyzed the underlying mechanisms and technology strategies of efficient utilization of low and medium grade phosphate rocks. Maximizing biological potential of plants to use P efficiently through rhizosphere regulation and matching P fertilizers with specific soils and plants to exploit "green" P fertilizers could be effective ways to achieve sustainable development of P resources use. Moreover, further study on how to make full use of all nutrients from phosphate rock is also needed in the future.