地膜覆盖和育苗移栽技术对农作物产量和水热资源利用的影响

以河北曲周为例,利用AquaCrop模型和指标评价法,建立了粮食作物生长环境要素(气象、土壤等)与产量之间的定量关系,并评价了地膜覆盖和育苗移栽技术下作物(冬小麦、夏玉米)对水热资源的利用效率。结果表明:1)AquaCrop模型能较好地模拟作物(冬小麦、夏玉米)的冠层覆盖度、生物量和产量,并能分析作物种植技术对水热资源利用效率的影响;2)地膜覆盖和育苗移栽技术显著影响作物(冬小麦、夏玉米)在播种-拔节时期的水热资源利用效率;3)冬小麦地膜覆盖和夏玉米育苗移栽技术的水热资源利用效率分别提高0.67和0.50,产量分别增加326和972kg/hm2。说明冬小麦地膜覆盖和夏玉米育苗移栽技术可以影响作物在关键生育期内对水热资源的利用以及提高作物的产量。本研究旨在为其他作物效率和理论潜力的提升提供技术支撑,研究结果可作为冬小麦和夏玉米因干旱、冻害以及播种不及时等原因受灾的一种补救技术,为曲周地区的作物种植技术调整提供参考。

Research on the effects of plastic film mulching and seedling transplanting on crop yield and water and heat resource utilization

The quantitative relationship between the environmental factors and yield of crops was established by using AquaCrop model in Quzhou County, Hebei Province. A index evaluation method was used to evaluate the utilization of water and heat resources by mulching and seedling transplanting for winter wheat and summer maize. The results showed that:Firstly,the AquaCrop model well simulated the crop canopy coverage, biomass, and yield, and could be used to analyze the impact of technology on water and heat resource use efficiency. Secondly, film mulching and seedling transplanting techniques significantly affected the utilization efficiency of water and heat resources of crops (winter wheat and summer maize) at sowing-jointing stage. Thirdly, the water and heat resource utilization efficiency of winter wheat mulching and summer maize seedling transplanting increased by 0.67 and 0.5, respectively, and the output increased by 326 kg/hm² and 972 kg/hm². The results showed that the plastic film mulching and the seedling transplanting technology affected the utilization of water and heat resources and crop yield during the critical growth period. Above results be used as a support to enhance the efficiency and theoretical potential of other crops and further serve as a remedy for the disaster of winter wheat and summer maize and provide reference for technical adjustment in Quzhou County.