江苏省动态生态足迹的测度和分析

利用生态足迹的原理和模型计算了江苏省1990-2006年的生态足迹和土地生态承载力,分析江苏省生态经济可持续状况和资源利用强度的变化过程及其原因,并结合江苏省社会经济发展特点提出实现该省可持续发展的途径和对策.结果表明:研究期间江苏省人均生态足迹明显高于人均生态承载力,出现生态赤字;人均生态足迹和人均生态赤字逐渐增大,而人均生态承载力呈逐渐减小趋势.从生态足迹构成看,化石燃料生态占用面积最大.其次是耕地,牧草地居第三;除耕地外,牧草地、水域、林地、化石燃料用地和建筑用地人均生态占用面积均逐渐增大.从横向比较看,江苏省的人均生态足迹虽然高于中国平均水平,却低于全球平均值.可见,江苏省人口、经济和消费模式对自然生态的需求已经超过自然生态系统的生态承载力范围,生态足迹和生态承载力之间的矛盾加剧,现有的生态经济发展模式是不可持续的,生态环境处于不安全状态.

Measurement and Analysis of the Dynamics Ecological Footprint in Jiangsu Province

The ecological footprint and land ecological capacity of Jiangsu province were calculated by using the ecological footprint principle and model from 1990 to 2006.The results showed that the per capita ecological footprint is significantly higher than per capita ecological capacity and the per capita ecological deficit had been increased and per capita ecological capacity had been decreased for past 17 years continually.The order of occupying ecological area was fossil energy >arable land >pasture land,and the occupied areas of pasture land,waters,forest land,fossil energy and building industry had been increased except arable land.The per capita ecological footprint was higher than state's average level,but lower than the global average value,which indicates that the current ecological economic development model is unsustainable and its ecological environment is in unsafety situation in Jiangsu province.The paper analyzes the sustainable situation of ecological economy and change process and causes of resources utilization intensity and puts forward the ways and countermeasures for realizing its sustainable development according to the characteristic of social and economic development in Jiangsu province.