花椒林地不同地面覆盖的水热效应研究

花椒(Zanthoxylumbungeanum)为芸香科(Rutaceae)花椒属落叶灌木或小乔木,是重要的调味品、香料及木本油料树种。我国花椒主产于四川、甘肃、陕西、山东、河北、河南等省,栽培历史悠久(曾京京,2000)。花椒耐干旱瘠薄,根系发达,表层根系密度大,水平根的分布大于冠幅3~4倍(余晓林,2003),因而是山区生态造林的重要树种。近年来,在退耕还林项目中被列为生态经济树种,在发展山区经济中发挥了重要作用(魏玉君等,1996;何腾兵等,2000)。研究(李洪钵等,1991;曹彬等,2002)表明,通过施肥、整形修剪等措施可提高花椒的产量。然而,目前花椒园土壤管理中仍…

Water and Heat Effect of Different Ground Coverings in Zanthoxylum bungeanum Plantation

The radiation energy environment, energy balance and water environment have been studied by means of the 3 treatments of covering plastic film, straw and planting Trifolium repens on the ground of Zanthoxylum bungeanum plantation in Feng County, Shaanxi. The results showed that the ground reflectivity and the canopy net radiation increased in the conditions of covering plastic film, straw and planting T. repens on the ground, so that the reflections in the middle part increased 53.3 %, 26.3 % and 0.8 % than that of the contrast. In the heat balance, the hidden heat flux in the conditions of covering plastic film, straw and planting T. repens accounts for 60.2% ,62.4% and 65.8% of the net radiation energy, the reaction heat flux accounts for 30.4% ,29.7% and 27.1%, and the soil heat flux accounts for 9.4% ,7.9% and 7.1% . The soil water content in 0- 50 cm were higher 5.6% ,8.7% and 13.9% in covering plastic film, straw and planting T. repens on the ground than in the contrast. The transpiration rate of the leaves of Z. bungeanum were 1.6, 1.4, 1.1 times in planting T. repens,covering plastic film and straw on the ground as that of the contrast in May.