几种长残留除草剂对后茬作物甜菜的影响

1992-2003年进行了模拟普施特和豆磺隆土壤残留对后莅作物甜菜的安全性试验。研究结果表明，普施特低剂量62．5mL／hm^2。即对甜菜有严重药害，甜菜苗鲜重降低90．9％；普施特125mL／hm^2以上各处理，甜菜苗全部死亡。豆磺隆低剂量0．25g／hm^2对甜菜的保苗株数、苗高、苗鲜重影响较小，但产量降低17．9％；高剂量2、4g／hm^5处理药害严重，甜菜死苗率90％以上，产量降低92％以上。广灭灵975-3000mL／hm^2各剂量处理施药后12个月，对甜菜均无明显药害。株鲜重和产量与不施药对照相近。金豆1000、1500mL／hm^2低剂量处理，施药后12个月对甜菜药害轻微，可以种植，24个月后可以安全种植甜菜；金豆2000、3000mL／hm^2高剂量，施药后12个月对甜菜有明显药害，不可以种植；24个月后药害轻微，可以种植甜菜。金普施特低剂量1250mL／hm^2和倍量2500mL／hm^2处理对甜菜均有药害。施药后12个月药害重于24个月和36个月。但36个月后高、低剂量下仍有药害，仍不能安全种植甜菜。阔草清60、120、180g／hm^2各处理，施药后12个月均有较重药害．不能种植；施药后24个月时，60g／hm^2低剂量处理药害虽然较轻，但仍与不施药对照有较大差异，也不能安全种植，高剂量处理药害仍很严重。

Effect of Long-term Herbicides Residue on Succeeding Sugarbeet

The field trials of long-term herbicides residue in soil on succeeding sugarbeet were conducted during 1992-2003. The results showed that sugarbeet was sensitive to imazethapyr, imazethapyr/imazamox, ehlorimuron-ethyl and flumetsulam and non-sensitive to elomazone and imazamox. In the simulating residue trial of imazethapyr, there was a severe injury to sugarbeet with the lower dosage of 62.5mL/ha and the seedling of sugarbeet was killed at all with the dosages of over 125mL/ha. Simulating residue trial of ehlorimuron-ethyl, the effect was slight to the plant seedlings, plant high and plant fresh weight of sugarbeet with the lower dosage of 0.25g/ha, but the sugarbeet yield was decreased by 17.9%, and a mass of sugarbeet seedling was killed with higher dosage of 2g/ha and 4g/ha. After 12 months of applying elomazone, there was no obvious injury to sugarbeet with the dosages of 975- 3000mL/ha. There was a slight injury to sugarbeet after 12 months and it could be planted safely after 24 months as applying imazamox lower dosages of 1000mL/ha and 1500mL/ha. Sugarbeet might be injured at the higher dosages of imazamox 2000mL/ha and 3000mL/ha after 12 months and it could be planted after 24 months. Under the commended dosage 1250mL/ha and double dosage 2500mL/ha of imazethapyr/imazamox, there was a serious injury to sugarbeet after 12-36 months. At the commended dosage 60g/ha, double dosage 120g/ha and 3 times dosage 180g/ha of flumetsulam, there were seriously injury to sugarbeet applying flumetsulam after 12 and 24 months.