粮食安全视角下的环京津地区耕地生态补偿量化研究

本文基于生态系统服务价值,从粮食安全角度出发,通过计算粮食耕地盈亏量、粮食耕地超载指数和补偿系数,建立了耕地生态补偿模型,通过量化县域耕地生态补偿,对河北省环京津地区耕地生态补偿问题进行了研究。研究结果表明:1)环京津耕地"生态供给"与"生态消费"存在典型的"空间异位"现象,其中耕地"生态消费"主要集中于环京津南部地区,而耕地"生态供给"则主要集中在环京津西部地区。2)2014年环京津耕地生态系统服务价值为4.480 5×10~(10)元,整体呈现不能自足的态势,总赤字金额为7.834×10~9元。3)环京津地区中,河北省张北县、兴隆县、蔚县、尚义县和涞源县等17个县市表现为盈余,其余各县市均呈现为赤字状态。其中滦南县需支付的耕地生态补偿量最高,为5.173×10~7元,其次为玉田县和东光县,分别为4.864×10~7元和4.849×10~7元。虽然遵化市、滦平县、曲阳县可获得补偿,但其耕地生态条件也仅仅表现为"紧平衡",仍需受到广泛关注。4)以粮食安全角度为出发点,2014年环京津区急需获得耕地生态补偿的县为张北县、蔚县、尚义县、阳原县、涞源县和曲阳县,需支付耕地生态补偿的县为滦南县、玉田县、献县、吴桥县和定州市,唐县、涞水县和丰宁满族自治县既不需获得也不需支付耕地生态补偿。与前人的研究相比,本研究以生态补偿为切入点对河北省环京津地区耕地补偿问题进行了研究,研究结果对于促进环京津地区经济发展、耕地生态环境保护与耕地资源持续高效利用发挥着重要作用。同时,此方法的运用可为类似地区生态补偿的量化研究提供参考,为其他地区以生态价值量确定耕地保护指标提供依据,对耕地生态补偿价值机制的研究有指导意义。

Quantitative study on cultivated land ecological compensation in the area around Beijing and Tianjin from the perspective of grain security

There is renewed research on ecological compensation of cultivated lands towards food security, a necessary re-quirement for the stable development of a country and society. In order to promote coordinated development and construction of integration ecological environment for Beijing City, Tianjin City and Hebei Province, a grain-security-driven model was built to simulate ecological compensation of cultivated lands in the region. The model used ecosystem services value to calcu-late grain budget, overload index and compensation coefficient of cultivated land. The farmland ecological compensation of each county (city) was analyzed quantitatively for the Beijing-Tianjin environs using the calibrated and validated ecological compensation model for cultivated lands. The results showed that: 1) the "ecological supply" and "ecological consumption" of farm lands in the Beijing-Tianjin environs were typically similar in terms of "ectopic space" phenomenon. While "ecological consumption" of cultivated lands was mainly concentrated in farmlands in the south of Beijing and Tianjin environs, "eco-logical supply" was mainly concentrated in cultivated farmlands in the west of Beijing and Tianjin environs. 2) The value of ecosystem services of farmlands around Beijing and Tianjin in 2014 was 4.4805×1010￥, whose situation continued to worsen with a total deficit of 7.834×109￥. 3) In the area around Beijing and Tianjin, Zhangbei County, Xinglong County, Weixian County, Shangyi County, Laiyuan County, on to a total of 17 counties had surpluses, and the other counties had deficits. Luannan County was highest in payment of farmland ecological compensation (5.173×107￥), followed by Yutian County (4.864×107 ￥) and then Dongguang County (4.849×107￥). Although Zunhua County, Luanping County and Quyang County were compensable, their ecological conditions of cultivated lands were in bare balance. 4) From the point of view of food se-curity, there were several counties requiring for farmland ecological compensation in 2014 around Beijing and Tianjin, in-cluding Zhangbei County, Weixian County, Shangyi County, Yangyuan County, Laiyuan County and Quyang County. Several counties should pay for farmland ecological compensation, they were Luannan County, Yutian County, Xianxian County, Dingzhou City and Wuqiao County. Tangxian County, Laishui County and Fengning Manzu Autonomous County neither needed nor paid farmland ecological compensation. Compared with previous studies, this study on farmland ecological com-pensation provided a starting point for research on compensation for farmlands around Beijing and Tianjin. The results could promote economic development, ecological protection of farmlands, and sustainably efficient utilization of farmland resources around Beijing and Tianjin. Meanwhile, the application of this method provided the theoretical reference for quantitative study of ecological compensation of farmlands in similar regions. It could provide references for determining cultivated land protec-tion index with ecological value for other area. It was vital to conduct further research on ecological compensation mecha-nisms in cultivated lands.