用于复合材料的小麦秸秆纤维性能及制备工艺

针对目前中国小麦秸秆利用率不高以及燃烧秸秆所带来的环境污染问题,该文研究了利用稀烧碱溶液处理小秸秆以制备用于复合材料的小麦秸秆纤维的性能及制备工艺,研究了氢氧化钠溶液质量分数、液固比、处理温度和处时间等工艺参数与小麦秸秆纤维失重率的关系,并对所制备的小麦秸秆纤维的强伸性能、表面性能进行了测试。结果明,小麦秸秆经稀烧碱溶液处理(氢氧化钠质量分数4%、液固比30mL/g、处理温度100℃、处理时间60min)后制的小麦秸秆纤维力学性能与原样相比没有明显损伤,但内、外表面结构均变得疏松,比表面积增大,滴水接触角变小从而提高了聚合物聚乳酸对秸秆纤维的浸润性能,提高了二者之间界面的粘结性。该研究结果为利用小麦秸秆制备秸纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料提供参考。

Preparation and properties of wheat straw fibers for composites

In order to make effective utilization of wheat straw and reduce environment pollution from the burning of wheat straw, this paper investigated the pretreatment method with the dilute alkali for wheat straw as raw material in composites. The effects of the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution,liquid-solid ratio, processing temperature and time on the weight loss rate of wheat straw were studied. The mechanical properties, surface structures and contact angles of the treated wheat straws were tested. The results showed that the optimized processing parameters with dilute alkali were as follow: liquid-solid ratio was 30, concentration of sodium hydroxide solution was 4%, processing temperature was 100℃ and processing time was 60 min. The mechanical properties of wheat straw fibers prepared with above processing parameters had no significant changes. Compared with untreated wheat straw, the inner and outer surface structures of the treated wheat straws were looser, their specific surface area increased and contact angle decreased. The above structure changes would improve the infiltration property of polylactic acid to the wheat straw fibers and the interfacial bondability. The research can provide a reference for further research on new eco-friendly composites based on wheat straw fibers and polylactic acid.