高寒地区两相厌氧户用沼气系统设计与试验

针对高寒地区农村户用沼气发酵周期过长、产气量少的状况,该文提出并设计了适用于高寒地区农村户用的两相厌氧发酵装置,通过确立合理的工艺方案,控制两相厌氧发酵中产酸相、料液温度和pH值、水力滞留时间等因素,探讨了在哈尔滨地区最寒冷季节,所设计的新型农村户用沼气发酵装置产气量与维持发酵罐体内料液温度所消耗沼气量之间的关系。结果表明:基于两相厌氧发酵的高寒地区高效户用沼气发酵装置最高产气率为1.35m3/(m3·d),是传统沼气池产气率(0.35m3/(m3·d))的4倍。冬季1月份日均结余4.08m3沼气量足以满足三口之家照明、炊事所需能源,实现高寒地区户用沼气全年正能输出,可以取代传统沼气池。该文研究成果为今后寒地户用沼气的发展提供技术支持和参考依据。

Design and experiment of household biogas system in alpine region based on two-phase anaerobic fermentation

According to the problems of long fermentation period and low gas production in the alpine region, a two-phase anaerobic fermentation device was designed for rural household biogas production in the alpine region. The fermentation parameters such as acid production, temperature and pH value of feed and hydraulic retention time were controlled during two-phase anaerobic fermentation. The relationship between the quantity of produced biogas during fermentation and the quantity of consumed biogas to maintain the biogas slurry temperature in most cold season in Harbin was discussed. Results showed that the highest methan production was 1.35 m3/(m3·d) using the two-phase anaerobic fermentation process, which was four times higher than the traditional process of 0.35 m3/(m3·d). There was 4.08 m3 daily balance biogas to satisfy lighting and cooking for three people family in January of winter, which could operate in alpine region year-round. In addition, the equipment structure is reasonable and perfect, which might replace the traditional digester. The research can provide a technical support and reference for developing new pattern of domestic biogas production in alpine region.