博尔塔拉州膜下滴灌棉田氮肥施用技术研究

[目的]探讨适宜博尔塔拉州滴灌棉区的氮肥施用技术.[方法]通过田间小区试验对滴灌条件下不同质地和不同肥力棉田氮肥施用技术进行研究.[结果]肥力较低的滴灌棉田氮素最佳经济用量为248.6 kg/hm2,最佳经济产量为2 158.9 kg/hm2;肥力较高的棉田氮素最佳经济用量为310.9 kg/hm2,最佳经济产量为2 236.5 kg/hm2.氮肥用量一致的条件下,适量基施有提高产量的作用,肥力较低的砂壤土滴灌棉田以30;作基肥,70;滴施效果最好,按照"前轻、中重、后补"的原则,从盛蕾期到铃期持续滴施对提高铃重、增加铃数进而提高产量有明显的作用;中高肥力的壤土上,集中在盛蕾期到花铃期持续滴施即可满足棉花的需氮要求.[结论]膜下滴灌棉田氮肥用量控制在尿素525.0～560 kg/hm2,可以获得较高的产量和收益.

Study on Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Techniques under Membrane Drip Irrigation in Cotton Field in Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture

[Objective]This study was carried out to discuss the suitable nitrogen fertilizer application techniques of the cotton field under membrane drip irrigation in Bortala Prefecture.[Method]According to the field experiment,a study was conducted on the nitrogen fertilizer application techniques in cotton field with the different texture and different fertility under drip irrigation.[Result]The economic optimum application rate of nitrogen is 540.4 kg/hm2 in the lower fertility cotton field under drip irrigation,and the economic optimum yield is 2 158.9 kg/hm2,the economic optimum application rate of nitrogen is 675.8 kg/hm2 in the higher fertility cotton field under drip irrigation,and the economic optimum yield is 2 236.5 kg/hm2;and adequate basal fertilizer application can enhance the yield with consistent condition of the nitrogen fertilizer rate,and it is better when 30% was used as the basal fertilizer,70% drip application was the best in the lower fertility sandy soil in cotton field under drip irrigation,according to the principle of "slight in the earlier,heavy in the middle,supply in the later",and there is a significant effect on enhance boll weight,increase boll number and enhance yield when persist drip irrigation from budding stage stage to boll stage;The sustained drip application from budding stage to flower bolling stage can meet the demands of cotton growth in the soil with middle and high fertility.[Conclusion]It can gain higher yield and profit when application of urea is controlled within 525.0-560 kg/hm2 in cotton field under film drip irrigation.